coreboot-kgpe-d16/util/amdfwtool/amdfwtool.c

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/*
* This file is part of the coreboot project.
*
* Copyright (C) 2015 - 2016 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*/
/*
* ROMSIG At ROMBASE + 0x20000:
* 0 4 8 C
* +------------+---------------+----------------+------------+
* | 0x55AA55AA |EC ROM Address |GEC ROM Address |USB3 ROM |
* +------------+---------------+----------------+------------+
* | PSPDIR ADDR|PSPDIR ADDR |<-- Field 0x14 could be either
* +------------+---------------+ 2nd PSP directory or PSP COMBO directory
* EC ROM should be 64K aligned.
*
* PSP directory (Where "PSPDIR ADDR" points)
* +------------+---------------+----------------+------------+
* | 'PSP$' | Fletcher | Count | Reserved |
* +------------+---------------+----------------+------------+
* | 0 | size | Base address | Reserved | Pubkey
* +------------+---------------+----------------+------------+
* | 1 | size | Base address | Reserved | Bootloader
* +------------+---------------+----------------+------------+
* | 8 | size | Base address | Reserved | Smu Firmware
* +------------+---------------+----------------+------------+
* | 3 | size | Base address | Reserved | Recovery Firmware
* +------------+---------------+----------------+------------+
* | |
* | |
* | Other PSP Firmware |
* | |
* | |
* +------------+---------------+----------------+------------+
*
* PSP Combo directory
* +------------+---------------+----------------+------------+
* | 'PSP2' | Fletcher | Count |Look up mode|
* +------------+---------------+----------------+------------+
* | R e s e r v e d |
* +------------+---------------+----------------+------------+
* | ID-Sel | PSP ID | PSPDIR ADDR | | 2nd PSP directory
* +------------+---------------+----------------+------------+
* | ID-Sel | PSP ID | PSPDIR ADDR | | 3rd PSP directory
* +------------+---------------+----------------+------------+
* | |
* | Other PSP |
* | |
* +------------+---------------+----------------+------------+
*
*/
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#ifndef CONFIG_ROM_SIZE
#define CONFIG_ROM_SIZE 0x400000
#endif
#define AMD_ROMSIG_OFFSET 0x20000
#define MIN_ROM_KB 256
#define ALIGN(val, by) (((val) + (by)-1)&~((by)-1))
/*
Reserved for future.
TODO: PSP2 is for Combo BIOS, which is the idea that one image supports 2
kinds of APU.
*/
#define PSP2 1
#if PSP2
/* Use PSP combo directory or not.
* Currently we dont have to squeeze 3 PSP directories into 1 image. So
* we skip the combo directory.
*/
#define PSP_COMBO 0
#endif
typedef unsigned int uint32_t;
typedef unsigned char uint8_t;
typedef unsigned short uint16_t;
/*
* Creates the OSI Fletcher checksum. See 8473-1, Appendix C, section C.3.
* The checksum field of the passed PDU does not need to be reset to zero.
*
* The "Fletcher Checksum" was proposed in a paper by John G. Fletcher of
* Lawrence Livermore Labs. The Fletcher Checksum was proposed as an
* alternative to cyclical redundancy checks because it provides error-
* detection properties similar to cyclical redundancy checks but at the
* cost of a simple summation technique. Its characteristics were first
* published in IEEE Transactions on Communications in January 1982. One
* version has been adopted by ISO for use in the class-4 transport layer
* of the network protocol.
*
* This program expects:
* stdin: The input file to compute a checksum for. The input file
* not be longer than 256 bytes.
* stdout: Copied from the input file with the Fletcher's Checksum
* inserted 8 bytes after the beginning of the file.
* stderr: Used to print out error messages.
*/
static uint32_t fletcher32(const uint16_t *pptr, int length)
{
uint32_t c0;
uint32_t c1;
uint32_t checksum;
int index;
c0 = 0xFFFF;
c1 = 0xFFFF;
for (index = 0; index < length; index++) {
/*
* Ignore the contents of the checksum field.
*/
c0 += *(pptr++);
c1 += c0;
if ((index % 360) == 0) {
c0 = (c0 & 0xFFFF) + (c0 >> 16); // Sum0 modulo 65535 + the overflow
c1 = (c1 & 0xFFFF) + (c1 >> 16); // Sum1 modulo 65535 + the overflow
}
}
c0 = (c0 & 0xFFFF) + (c0 >> 16); // Sum0 modulo 65535 + the overflow
c1 = (c1 & 0xFFFF) + (c1 >> 16); // Sum1 modulo 65535 + the overflow
checksum = (c1 << 16) | c0;
return checksum;
}
static void usage(void)
{
printf("amdfwtool: Create AMD Firmware combination\n");
printf("Usage: amdfwtool [options] -f <size> -o <filename>\n");
printf("-x | --xhci <FILE> Add XHCI blob\n");
printf("-i | --imc <FILE> Add IMC blob\n");
printf("-g | --gec <FILE> Add GEC blob\n");
printf("\nPSP options:\n");
printf("-p | --pubkey <FILE> Add pubkey\n");
printf("-b | --bootloader <FILE> Add bootloader\n");
printf("-s | --smufirmware <FILE> Add smufirmware\n");
printf("-r | --recovery <FILE> Add recovery\n");
printf("-k | --rtmpubkey <FILE> Add rtmpubkey\n");
printf("-c | --secureos <FILE> Add secureos\n");
printf("-n | --nvram <FILE> Add nvram\n");
printf("-d | --securedebug <FILE> Add securedebug\n");
printf("-t | --trustlets <FILE> Add trustlets\n");
printf("-u | --trustletkey <FILE> Add trustletkey\n");
printf("-w | --smufirmware2 <FILE> Add smufirmware2\n");
printf("-m | --smuscs <FILE> Add smuscs\n");
#if PSP2
printf("\nPSP2 options:\n");
printf("-P | --pubkey2 <FILE> Add pubkey\n");
printf("-B | --bootloader2 <FILE> Add bootloader\n");
printf("-S | --smufirmware_2 <FILE> Add smufirmware\n");
printf("-R | --recovery2 <FILE> Add recovery\n");
printf("-K | --rtmpubkey2 <FILE> Add rtmpubkey\n");
printf("-C | --secureos2 <FILE> Add secureos\n");
printf("-N | --nvram2 <FILE> Add nvram\n");
printf("-D | --securedebug2 <FILE> Add securedebug\n");
printf("-T | --trustlets2 <FILE> Add trustlets\n");
printf("-U | --trustletkey2 <FILE> Add trustletkey\n");
printf("-W | --smufirmware2_2 <FILE> Add smufirmware2\n");
printf("-M | --smuscs2 <FILE> Add smuscs\n");
#endif
printf("\n-o | --output <filename> output filename\n");
printf("-f | --flashsize <HEX_VAL> ROM size in bytes\n");
printf(" size must be larger than %dKB\n",
MIN_ROM_KB);
printf(" and must a multiple of 1024\n");
printf("-h | --help show this help\n");
}
typedef enum _amd_fw_type {
AMD_FW_PSP_PUBKEY = 0,
AMD_FW_PSP_BOOTLOADER = 1,
AMD_FW_PSP_SMU_FIRMWARE = 8,
AMD_FW_PSP_RECOVERY = 3,
AMD_FW_PSP_RTM_PUBKEY = 5,
AMD_FW_PSP_SECURED_OS = 2,
AMD_FW_PSP_NVRAM = 4,
AMD_FW_PSP_SECURED_DEBUG = 9,
AMD_FW_PSP_TRUSTLETS = 12,
AMD_FW_PSP_TRUSTLETKEY = 13,
AMD_FW_PSP_SMU_FIRMWARE2 = 18,
AMD_PSP_FUSE_CHAIN = 11,
AMD_FW_PSP_SMUSCS = 95,
AMD_FW_IMC,
AMD_FW_GEC,
AMD_FW_XHCI,
AMD_FW_INVALID,
} amd_fw_type;
typedef struct _amd_fw_entry {
amd_fw_type type;
char *filename;
} amd_fw_entry;
static amd_fw_entry amd_psp_fw_table[] = {
{ .type = AMD_FW_PSP_PUBKEY },
{ .type = AMD_FW_PSP_BOOTLOADER },
{ .type = AMD_FW_PSP_SMU_FIRMWARE },
{ .type = AMD_FW_PSP_RECOVERY },
{ .type = AMD_FW_PSP_RTM_PUBKEY },
{ .type = AMD_FW_PSP_SECURED_OS },
{ .type = AMD_FW_PSP_NVRAM },
{ .type = AMD_FW_PSP_SECURED_DEBUG },
{ .type = AMD_FW_PSP_TRUSTLETS },
{ .type = AMD_FW_PSP_TRUSTLETKEY },
{ .type = AMD_FW_PSP_SMU_FIRMWARE2 },
{ .type = AMD_FW_PSP_SMUSCS },
{ .type = AMD_PSP_FUSE_CHAIN },
{ .type = AMD_FW_INVALID },
};
#if PSP2
static amd_fw_entry amd_psp2_fw_table[] = {
{ .type = AMD_FW_PSP_PUBKEY },
{ .type = AMD_FW_PSP_BOOTLOADER },
{ .type = AMD_FW_PSP_SMU_FIRMWARE },
{ .type = AMD_FW_PSP_RECOVERY },
{ .type = AMD_FW_PSP_RTM_PUBKEY },
{ .type = AMD_FW_PSP_SECURED_OS },
{ .type = AMD_FW_PSP_NVRAM },
{ .type = AMD_FW_PSP_SECURED_DEBUG },
{ .type = AMD_FW_PSP_TRUSTLETS },
{ .type = AMD_FW_PSP_TRUSTLETKEY },
{ .type = AMD_FW_PSP_SMU_FIRMWARE2 },
{ .type = AMD_FW_PSP_SMUSCS },
{ .type = AMD_PSP_FUSE_CHAIN },
{ .type = AMD_FW_INVALID },
};
#endif
static amd_fw_entry amd_fw_table[] = {
{ .type = AMD_FW_XHCI },
{ .type = AMD_FW_IMC },
{ .type = AMD_FW_GEC },
{ .type = AMD_FW_INVALID },
};
static void fill_psp_head(uint32_t *pspdir, uint32_t count)
{
pspdir[0] = 0x50535024; /* 'PSP$' */
pspdir[2] = count; /* size */
pspdir[3] = 0;
pspdir[1] = fletcher32((uint16_t *)&pspdir[1], (count *16 + 16)/2 - 2);
}
static uint32_t integrate_firmwares(char *base, uint32_t pos, uint32_t *romsig, amd_fw_entry *fw_table, uint32_t rom_size)
{
int fd;
struct stat fd_stat;
int i;
uint32_t rom_base_address = 0xFFFFFFFF - rom_size + 1;
for (i = 0; fw_table[i].type != AMD_FW_INVALID; i ++) {
if (fw_table[i].filename != NULL) {
fd = open (fw_table[i].filename, O_RDONLY);
fstat(fd, &fd_stat);
switch (fw_table[i].type) {
case AMD_FW_IMC:
pos = ALIGN(pos, 0x10000U);
romsig[1] = pos + rom_base_address;
break;
case AMD_FW_GEC:
romsig[2] = pos + rom_base_address;
break;
case AMD_FW_XHCI:
romsig[3] = pos + rom_base_address;
break;
default:
/* Error */
break;
}
if (pos + fd_stat.st_size > rom_size) {
printf("Error: Specified ROM size of %d"
" will not fit %s. Exiting.\n",
rom_size, fw_table[i].filename);
free(base);
exit(1);
}
read(fd, (void *)(base + pos), (size_t)fd_stat.st_size);
pos += fd_stat.st_size;
close (fd);
pos = ALIGN(pos, 0x100U);
}
}
return pos;
}
static uint32_t integrate_psp_firmwares(char *base, uint32_t pos, uint32_t *pspdir, amd_fw_entry *fw_table, uint32_t rom_size)
{
int fd;
struct stat fd_stat;
unsigned int i;
uint32_t rom_base_address = 0xFFFFFFFF - rom_size + 1;
for (i = 0; fw_table[i].type != AMD_FW_INVALID; i ++) {
if (fw_table[i].type == AMD_PSP_FUSE_CHAIN) {
pspdir[4+4*i+0] = fw_table[i].type;
pspdir[4+4*i+1] = 0xFFFFFFFF;
pspdir[4+4*i+2] = 1;
pspdir[4+4*i+3] = 0;
} else if (fw_table[i].filename != NULL) {
pspdir[4+4*i+0] = fw_table[i].type;
fd = open (fw_table[i].filename, O_RDONLY);
fstat(fd, &fd_stat);
pspdir[4+4*i+1] = (uint32_t)fd_stat.st_size;
pspdir[4+4*i+2] = pos + rom_base_address;
pspdir[4+4*i+3] = 0;
if (pos + fd_stat.st_size > rom_size) {
printf("Error: Specified ROM size of %d"
" will not fit %s. Exiting.\n",
rom_size, fw_table[i].filename);
free (base);
exit(1);
}
read(fd, (void *)(base + pos), (size_t)fd_stat.st_size);
pos += fd_stat.st_size;
close (fd);
pos = ALIGN(pos, 0x100U);
} else {
/* This APU doesn't have this firmware. */
}
}
fill_psp_head(pspdir, i);
return pos;
}
#if PSP2
static const char *optstring = "x:i:g:p:b:s:r:k:c:n:d:t:u:w:m:P:B:S:R:K:C:N:D:T:U:W:M:o:f:h";
#else
static const char *optstring = "x:i:g:p:b:s:r:k:c:n:d:t:u:w:m:o:f:h";
#endif
static struct option long_options[] = {
{"xhci", required_argument, 0, 'x' },
{"imc", required_argument, 0, 'i' },
{"gec", required_argument, 0, 'g' },
/* PSP */
{"pubkey", required_argument, 0, 'p' },
{"bootloader", required_argument, 0, 'b' },
{"smufirmware", required_argument, 0, 's' },
{"recovery", required_argument, 0, 'r' },
{"rtmpubkey", required_argument, 0, 'k' },
{"secureos", required_argument, 0, 'c' },
{"nvram", required_argument, 0, 'n' },
{"securedebug", required_argument, 0, 'd' },
{"trustlets", required_argument, 0, 't' },
{"trustletkey", required_argument, 0, 'u' },
{"smufirmware2", required_argument, 0, 'w' },
{"smuscs", required_argument, 0, 'm' },
/* TODO: PSP2 */
#if PSP2
{"pubkey2", required_argument, 0, 'P' },
{"bootloader2", required_argument, 0, 'B' },
{"smufirmware_2", required_argument, 0, 'S' },
{"recovery2", required_argument, 0, 'R' },
{"rtmpubkey2", required_argument, 0, 'K' },
{"secureos2", required_argument, 0, 'C' },
{"nvram2", required_argument, 0, 'N' },
{"securedebug2", required_argument, 0, 'D' },
{"trustlets2", required_argument, 0, 'T' },
{"trustletkey2", required_argument, 0, 'U' },
{"smufirmware2_2",required_argument, 0, 'W' },
{"smuscs2", required_argument, 0, 'M' },
#endif
{"output", required_argument, 0, 'o' },
{"flashsize", required_argument, 0, 'f' },
{"help", no_argument, 0, 'h' },
{NULL, 0, 0, 0 }
};
static void register_fw_filename(amd_fw_type type, char filename[], int pspflag)
{
unsigned int i;
for (i = 0; i < sizeof(amd_fw_table)/sizeof(amd_fw_entry); i++) {
if (amd_fw_table[i].type == type) {
amd_fw_table[i].filename = filename;
return;
}
}
if (pspflag == 1) {
for (i = 0; i < sizeof(amd_psp_fw_table)/sizeof(amd_fw_entry); i++) {
if (amd_psp_fw_table[i].type == type) {
amd_psp_fw_table[i].filename = filename;
return;
}
}
}
#if PSP2
if (pspflag == 2) {
for (i = 0; i < sizeof(amd_psp2_fw_table)/sizeof(amd_fw_entry); i++) {
if (amd_psp2_fw_table[i].type == type) {
amd_psp2_fw_table[i].filename = filename;
return;
}
}
}
#endif
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int c, pspflag = 0;
int retval = 0;
#if PSP2
int psp2flag = 0;
uint32_t *psp2dir;
char *tmp;
#endif
#if PSP_COMBO
int psp2count;
#endif
char *rom = NULL;
uint32_t current;
uint32_t *amd_romsig, *pspdir;
int targetfd;
char *output = NULL;
uint32_t rom_size = CONFIG_ROM_SIZE;
uint32_t rom_base_address;
while (1) {
int optindex = 0;
c = getopt_long(argc, argv, optstring, long_options, &optindex);
if (c == -1)
break;
switch (c) {
case 'x':
register_fw_filename(AMD_FW_XHCI, optarg, 0);
break;
case 'i':
register_fw_filename(AMD_FW_IMC, optarg, 0);
break;
case 'g':
register_fw_filename(AMD_FW_GEC, optarg, 0);
break;
case 'p':
register_fw_filename(AMD_FW_PSP_PUBKEY, optarg, 1);
pspflag = 1;
break;
case 'b':
register_fw_filename(AMD_FW_PSP_BOOTLOADER, optarg, 1);
pspflag = 1;
break;
case 's':
register_fw_filename(AMD_FW_PSP_SMU_FIRMWARE, optarg, 1);
pspflag = 1;
break;
case 'r':
register_fw_filename(AMD_FW_PSP_RECOVERY, optarg, 1);
pspflag = 1;
break;
case 'k':
register_fw_filename(AMD_FW_PSP_RTM_PUBKEY, optarg, 1);
pspflag = 1;
break;
case 'c':
register_fw_filename(AMD_FW_PSP_SECURED_OS, optarg, 1);
pspflag = 1;
break;
case 'n':
register_fw_filename(AMD_FW_PSP_NVRAM, optarg, 1);
pspflag = 1;
break;
case 'd':
register_fw_filename(AMD_FW_PSP_SECURED_DEBUG, optarg, 1);
pspflag = 1;
break;
case 't':
register_fw_filename(AMD_FW_PSP_TRUSTLETS, optarg, 1);
pspflag = 1;
break;
case 'u':
register_fw_filename(AMD_FW_PSP_TRUSTLETKEY, optarg, 1);
pspflag = 1;
break;
case 'w':
register_fw_filename(AMD_FW_PSP_SMU_FIRMWARE2, optarg, 1);
pspflag = 1;
break;
case 'm':
register_fw_filename(AMD_FW_PSP_SMUSCS, optarg, 1);
pspflag = 1;
break;
#if PSP2
case 'P':
register_fw_filename(AMD_FW_PSP_PUBKEY, optarg, 2);
psp2flag = 1;
break;
case 'B':
register_fw_filename(AMD_FW_PSP_BOOTLOADER, optarg, 2);
psp2flag = 1;
break;
case 'S':
register_fw_filename(AMD_FW_PSP_SMU_FIRMWARE, optarg, 2);
psp2flag = 1;
break;
case 'R':
register_fw_filename(AMD_FW_PSP_RECOVERY, optarg, 2);
psp2flag = 1;
break;
case 'K':
register_fw_filename(AMD_FW_PSP_RTM_PUBKEY, optarg, 2);
psp2flag = 1;
break;
case 'C':
register_fw_filename(AMD_FW_PSP_SECURED_OS, optarg, 2);
psp2flag = 1;
break;
case 'N':
register_fw_filename(AMD_FW_PSP_NVRAM, optarg, 2);
psp2flag = 1;
break;
case 'D':
register_fw_filename(AMD_FW_PSP_SECURED_DEBUG, optarg, 2);
psp2flag = 1;
break;
case 'T':
register_fw_filename(AMD_FW_PSP_TRUSTLETS, optarg, 2);
psp2flag = 1;
break;
case 'U':
register_fw_filename(AMD_FW_PSP_TRUSTLETKEY, optarg, 2);
psp2flag = 1;
break;
case 'W':
register_fw_filename(AMD_FW_PSP_SMU_FIRMWARE2, optarg, 2);
psp2flag = 1;
break;
case 'M':
register_fw_filename(AMD_FW_PSP_SMUSCS, optarg, 2);
psp2flag = 1;
break;
#endif
case 'o':
output = optarg;
break;
case 'f':
rom_size = (uint32_t)strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 16);
if (*tmp != '\0') {
printf("Error: ROM size specified"
" incorrectly (%s)\n\n", optarg);
retval = 1;
}
break;
case 'h':
usage();
return 0;
default:
break;
}
}
if (!output) {
printf("Error: Output value is not specified.\n\n");
retval = 1;
}
if (!rom_size) {
printf("Error: ROM Size is not specified.\n\n");
retval = 1;
}
if (rom_size % 1024 != 0) {
printf("Error: ROM Size (%d bytes) should be a multiple of"
" 1024 bytes.\n\n", rom_size);
retval = 1;
}
if (rom_size < MIN_ROM_KB * 1024) {
printf("Error: ROM Size (%dKB) must be at least %dKB.\n\n",
rom_size / 1024, MIN_ROM_KB);
retval = 1;
}
if (retval) {
usage();
return retval;
}
printf(" AMDFWTOOL Using ROM size of %dKB\n", rom_size / 1024);
rom_base_address = 0xFFFFFFFF - rom_size + 1;
rom = malloc(rom_size);
if (!rom)
return 1;
memset (rom, 0xFF, rom_size);
current = AMD_ROMSIG_OFFSET;
amd_romsig = (void *)(rom + AMD_ROMSIG_OFFSET);
amd_romsig[0] = 0x55AA55AA; /* romsig */
amd_romsig[1] = 0;
amd_romsig[2] = 0;
amd_romsig[3] = 0;
current += 0x20; /* size of ROMSIG */
current = ALIGN(current, 0x1000U);
current = integrate_firmwares(rom, current, amd_romsig, amd_fw_table, rom_size);
if (pspflag == 1) {
current = ALIGN(current, 0x10000U);
pspdir = (void *)(rom + current);
amd_romsig[4] = current + rom_base_address;
current += 0x200; /* Conservative size of pspdir */
current = integrate_psp_firmwares(rom, current, pspdir, amd_psp_fw_table, rom_size);
}
#if PSP2
if (psp2flag == 1) {
current = ALIGN(current, 0x10000U); /* PSP2 dir */
psp2dir = (void *)(rom + current);
amd_romsig[5] = current + rom_base_address;
current += 0x200; /* Add conservative size of psp2dir. */
#if PSP_COMBO
/* TODO: remove the hardcode. */
psp2count = 1; /* Start from 1. */
/* for (; psp2count <= PSP2COUNT; psp2count++, current=ALIGN(current, 0x100)) { */
/* Now the psp2dir is psp combo dir. */
psp2dir[psp2count*4 + 0 + 4] = 0; /* 0 -Compare PSP ID, 1 -Compare chip family ID */
psp2dir[psp2count*4 + 1 + 4] = 0x10220B00; /* TODO: PSP ID. Documentation is needed. */
psp2dir[psp2count * 4 + 2 + 4] = current + rom_base_address;
pspdir = rom + current;
psp2dir[psp2count*4 + 3 + 4] = 0;
current += 0x200; /* Add conservative size of pspdir. Start of PSP entries. */
current = integrate_psp_firmwares(rom, current, pspdir, amd_psp2_fw_table, rom_size);
/* } */ /* End of loop */
/* fill the PSP combo head */
psp2dir[0] = 0x50535032; /* 'PSP2' */
psp2dir[2] = psp2count; /* Count */
psp2dir[3] = 1; /* 0-Dynamic look up through all entries, 1-PSP/chip ID match */
psp2dir[4] = 0; /* reserved 4 dwords. */
psp2dir[5] = 0;
psp2dir[6] = 0;
psp2dir[7] = 0;
psp2dir[1] = fletcher32((uint16_t *)&psp2dir[1], (psp2count*16 + 32)/2 - 2);
#else
current = integrate_psp_firmwares(rom, current, psp2dir, amd_psp2_fw_table, rom_size);
#endif
}
#endif
targetfd = open(output, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0666);
if (targetfd >= 0) {
write(targetfd, amd_romsig, current - AMD_ROMSIG_OFFSET);
close(targetfd);
} else {
printf("Error: could not open file: %s\n", output);
retval = 1;
}
free(rom);
return retval;
}