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<section id="using-notifications">
<h1>Using Notifications<a class="headerlink" href="#using-notifications" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h1>
<p>GNOME applications should use notifications to inform the user that something
has happened that requires their attention.</p>
<p>Notifications should not be intrusive, or distracting.</p>
<p>For more information on when to use notifications, you should follow the <a class="reference external" href="https://developer.gnome.org/hig/patterns/feedback/notifications.html">Human
Interface Guidelines</a>.</p>
<div class="admonition important">
<p class="admonition-title">Important</p>
<p>Remember that users can disable notifications for specific applications, or
globally. You should not rely exclusively on notifications.</p>
</div>
<section id="prerequisites">
<h2>Prerequisites<a class="headerlink" href="#prerequisites" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
<p>In order to use notifications in GNOME you will need to:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GApplication</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GtkApplication</span></code></p></li>
<li><p>provide a valid desktop file with the same name as your <a class="reference external" href="application-id">application id</a></p></li>
<li><p>ensure that your application can be activated via D-Bus</p></li>
</ul>
<p>The desktop file and D-Bus activation provide notification persistence, allowing
the desktop to associate the notification to the application even if the
application is not running.</p>
</section>
<section id="anatomy-of-a-notification">
<h2>Anatomy of a notification<a class="headerlink" href="#anatomy-of-a-notification" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
<p>A typical notification has a number of ingredients:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>a one-line <strong>title</strong></p></li>
<li><p>a longer, descriptive <strong>message body</strong> (optional)</p></li>
<li><p>an <strong>icon</strong> (optional)</p></li>
<li><p><strong>actions</strong>, each with a label for use in a button (optional)</p></li>
<li><p>additionally, notifications may be marked as <strong>urgent</strong></p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="creating-a-notification">
<h2>Creating a notification<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-a-notification" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
<p>To send a notification, first create a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GNotification</span></code> object, and add the
data for your notification to it:</p>
<div class="sphinx-tabs docutils container">
<div aria-label="Tabbed content" class="closeable" role="tablist"><button aria-controls="panel-0-Qw==" aria-selected="true" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-0-Qw==" name="Qw==" role="tab" tabindex="0">C</button><button aria-controls="panel-0-UHl0aG9u" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-0-UHl0aG9u" name="UHl0aG9u" role="tab" tabindex="-1">Python</button><button aria-controls="panel-0-VmFsYQ==" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-0-VmFsYQ==" name="VmFsYQ==" role="tab" tabindex="-1">Vala</button><button aria-controls="panel-0-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-0-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" name="SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" role="tab" tabindex="-1">JavaScript</button></div><div aria-labelledby="tab-0-Qw==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" id="panel-0-Qw==" name="Qw==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">g_autoptr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GNotification</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">notification</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">g_notification_new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Lunch is ready&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="n">g_notification_set_body</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">notification</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;Today we have pancakes and salad, and fruit and cake for dessert&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="n">g_autoptr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GFile</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">file</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">g_file_new_for_path</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;fruitbowl.png&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="n">g_autoptr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GFileIcon</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">icon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">g_file_icon_new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">file</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="c1">// The notification instance will acquire a reference on the icon</span>
<span class="n">g_notification_set_icon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">notification</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">G_ICON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">icon</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-0-UHl0aG9u" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-0-UHl0aG9u" name="UHl0aG9u" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">notification</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Gio</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Notification</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">notification</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Lunch is ready&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">notification</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_body</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Today we have pancakes and salad, and fruit and cake for dessert&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">file</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Gio</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">File</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new_for_path</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;fruitbowl.png&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">icon</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Gio</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">FileIcon</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">file</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">file</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">notification</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_icon</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">icon</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-0-VmFsYQ==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-0-VmFsYQ==" name="VmFsYQ==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-vala notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">notification</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Notification</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Lunch is ready&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="n">notification</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">set_body</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Today we have pancakes and salad, and fruit and cake for dessert&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">file</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">File</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">for_path</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;fruitbowl.png&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">icon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FileIcon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">file</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="c1">// The notification instance will acquire a reference on the icon</span>
<span class="n">notification</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">set_icon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">icon</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-0-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-0-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" name="SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-js notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">notification</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Gio</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Notification</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="nx">notification</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">set_title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Lunch is ready&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="nx">notification</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">set_body</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;Today we have pancakes and salad, and fruit and cake for dessert&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">file</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Gio</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">File</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">new_for_path</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;fruitbowl.png&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">icon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Gio</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">FileIcon</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="nx">file</span><span class="p">});</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="c1">// The notification instance will acquire a reference on the icon</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="nx">notification</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">set_icon</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">icon</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div></div>
<p>Note that the title should be short; the body can be longer, say a paragraph.
The icon may be displayed at a small size (say, 24×24), so choose an icon that
is remains readable at small size.</p>
<p>To show your notification to the user, use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GApplication</span></code> function for this
purpose:</p>
<div class="sphinx-tabs docutils container">
<div aria-label="Tabbed content" class="closeable" role="tablist"><button aria-controls="panel-1-Qw==" aria-selected="true" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-1-Qw==" name="Qw==" role="tab" tabindex="0">C</button><button aria-controls="panel-1-UHl0aG9u" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-1-UHl0aG9u" name="UHl0aG9u" role="tab" tabindex="-1">Python</button><button aria-controls="panel-1-VmFsYQ==" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-1-VmFsYQ==" name="VmFsYQ==" role="tab" tabindex="-1">Vala</button><button aria-controls="panel-1-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-1-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" name="SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" role="tab" tabindex="-1">JavaScript</button></div><div aria-labelledby="tab-1-Qw==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" id="panel-1-Qw==" name="Qw==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// The application instance will acquire a reference on the</span>
<span class="c1">// notification object</span>
<span class="n">g_application_send_notification</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">application</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;lunch-is-ready&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">notification</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-1-UHl0aG9u" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-1-UHl0aG9u" name="UHl0aG9u" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># The Application instance will acquire a reference on the</span>
<span class="c1"># notification object</span>
<span class="n">application</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">send_notification</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;lunch-is-ready&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">notification</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-1-VmFsYQ==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-1-VmFsYQ==" name="VmFsYQ==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-vala notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// The application instance will acquire a reference on the</span>
<span class="c1">// notification object</span>
<span class="n">application</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">send_notification</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;lunch-is-ready&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">notification</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-1-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-1-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" name="SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-js notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// The application instance will acquire a reference on the</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="c1">// notification object</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="nx">application</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">send_notification</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;lunch-is-ready&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">notification</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div></div>
<p>You need to provide an id for your notification here. This can be used if you
want to make updates to an existing notification: simply send a notification
with the same id. Note that the GNotification object does not have to be kept
around after sending the notification; you can unref it right away. It is not a
‘live’ object that is associated with the visible notification.</p>
</section>
<section id="adding-actions">
<h2>Adding actions<a class="headerlink" href="#adding-actions" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
<p>Often, you want the user to be able to react to the notification in some way,
other than just dismissing it. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GNotification</span></code> lets you do this by associating
actions with your notification. These will typically be presented as buttons in
the popup. One action has a special role, it is the ‘default’ action that gets
activated when the user clicks on the notification, not on a particular button.</p>
<div class="sphinx-tabs docutils container">
<div aria-label="Tabbed content" class="closeable" role="tablist"><button aria-controls="panel-2-Qw==" aria-selected="true" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-2-Qw==" name="Qw==" role="tab" tabindex="0">C</button><button aria-controls="panel-2-UHl0aG9u" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-2-UHl0aG9u" name="UHl0aG9u" role="tab" tabindex="-1">Python</button><button aria-controls="panel-2-VmFsYQ==" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-2-VmFsYQ==" name="VmFsYQ==" role="tab" tabindex="-1">Vala</button><button aria-controls="panel-2-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-2-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" name="SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" role="tab" tabindex="-1">JavaScript</button></div><div aria-labelledby="tab-2-Qw==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" id="panel-2-Qw==" name="Qw==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">g_notification_set_default_action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">notification</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;app.go-to-lunch&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="n">g_notification_add_button</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">notification</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;5 minutes&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;app.reply-5-minutes&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="n">g_notification_add_button</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">notification</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;Order takeout&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;app.order-takeout&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-2-UHl0aG9u" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-2-UHl0aG9u" name="UHl0aG9u" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">notification</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_default_action</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;app.go-to-lunch&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">notification</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;5 minutes&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;app.reply-5-minutes&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">notification</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Order takeout&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;app.order-takeout&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-2-VmFsYQ==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-2-VmFsYQ==" name="VmFsYQ==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-vala notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">notification</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">set_default_action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;app.go-to-lunch&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="n">notification</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add_button</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;5 minutes&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;app.reply-5-minutes&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="n">notification</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add_button</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Order takeout&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;app.order-takeout&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-2-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-2-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" name="SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-js notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">notification</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">set_default_action</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;app.go-to-lunch&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="nx">notification</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">add_button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;5 minutes&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;app.reply-5-minutes&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="nx">notification</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">add_button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Order takeout&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;app.order-takeout&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div></div>
<p>The actions are referred to here with their ‘app.’ prefixed name. This indicates
that the actions have to be added to your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GApplication</span></code>. You can not use any
other actions in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GNotifications</span></code> (window-specific actions with a ‘win.’ prefix,
or key shorcuts using other prefixes will not work).</p>
</section>
<section id="actions-with-parameters">
<h2>Actions with parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#actions-with-parameters" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
<p>A common pattern is to pass a ‘target’ parameter to the action that contains
sufficient details about the notification to let your application react in a
meaningful way.</p>
<p>As an example, here is how a notification about a newly installed application
could provide a launch button:</p>
<div class="sphinx-tabs docutils container">
<div aria-label="Tabbed content" class="closeable" role="tablist"><button aria-controls="panel-3-Qw==" aria-selected="true" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-3-Qw==" name="Qw==" role="tab" tabindex="0">C</button><button aria-controls="panel-3-UHl0aG9u" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-3-UHl0aG9u" name="UHl0aG9u" role="tab" tabindex="-1">Python</button><button aria-controls="panel-3-VmFsYQ==" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-3-VmFsYQ==" name="VmFsYQ==" role="tab" tabindex="-1">Vala</button><button aria-controls="panel-3-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-3-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" name="SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" role="tab" tabindex="-1">JavaScript</button></div><div aria-labelledby="tab-3-Qw==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" id="panel-3-Qw==" name="Qw==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">g_autofree</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">g_strdup_printf</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;%s is now installed&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">appname</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="n">g_autoptr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GNotification</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">notification</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">g_notification_new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="n">g_notification_add_button_with_target</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">notification</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;Launch&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;app.launch&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;s&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">appid</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="n">g_application_send_notification</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">application</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;app-installed&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">notification</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-3-UHl0aG9u" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-3-UHl0aG9u" name="UHl0aG9u" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">notification</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Gio</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Notification</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">notification</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">appname</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2"> is now installed&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">notification</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_button_with_target</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Launch&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;app.launch&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;s&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">appid</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">application</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">send_notification</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;app-installed&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">notification</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-3-VmFsYQ==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-3-VmFsYQ==" name="VmFsYQ==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-vala notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">title</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">appname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot; is now installed&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">notification</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Notification</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="n">notification</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add_button_with_target</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Launch&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;app.launch&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;s&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">appid</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="n">application</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">send_notification</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;app-installed&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">notification</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-3-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-3-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" name="SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-js notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">title</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">appname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot; is now installed&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">notification</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Gio</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Notification</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="nx">notification</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">set_title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">title</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="nx">notification</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">add_button_with_target</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;Launch&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;app.launch&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">GLib</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Variant</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">new_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">appid</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="nx">application</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">send_notification</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;app-installed&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">notification</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div></div>
<p>To make this work, your application needs to have a suitable ‘launch’ action
that takes the application id as a string parameter:</p>
<div class="sphinx-tabs docutils container">
<div aria-label="Tabbed content" class="closeable" role="tablist"><button aria-controls="panel-4-Qw==" aria-selected="true" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-4-Qw==" name="Qw==" role="tab" tabindex="0">C</button><button aria-controls="panel-4-UHl0aG9u" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-4-UHl0aG9u" name="UHl0aG9u" role="tab" tabindex="-1">Python</button><button aria-controls="panel-4-VmFsYQ==" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-4-VmFsYQ==" name="VmFsYQ==" role="tab" tabindex="-1">Vala</button><button aria-controls="panel-4-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-4-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" name="SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" role="tab" tabindex="-1">JavaScript</button></div><div aria-labelledby="tab-4-Qw==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" id="panel-4-Qw==" name="Qw==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GActionEntry</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">actions</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;launch&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">launch_application</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;s&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">},</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// ...</span>
<span class="p">};</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="n">g_action_map_add_action_entries</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">G_ACTION_MAP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">application</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">actions</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">G_N_ELEMENTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">actions</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">application</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-4-UHl0aG9u" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-4-UHl0aG9u" name="UHl0aG9u" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># The &quot;launch_application&quot; function is defined elsewhere</span>
<span class="n">action</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Gio</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SimpleAction</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;launch&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">action</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">connect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;activate&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">launch_application</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">application</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_action</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">action</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-4-VmFsYQ==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-4-VmFsYQ==" name="VmFsYQ==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-vala notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// the &quot;launch_application&quot; function is defined elsewhere</span>
<span class="n">ActionEntry</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">actions</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;launch&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">launch_application</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">},</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// ...</span>
<span class="p">};</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="n">application</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add_action_entries</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">actions</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">application</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-4-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-4-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" name="SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-js notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// the &quot;launch_application&quot; function is defined elsewhere</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Gio</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">SimpleAction</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;launch&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">});</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="nx">action</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">connect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;activate&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">launch_application</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="nx">application</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">add_action</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">action</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div></div>
</section>
<section id="stale-notifications">
<h2>Stale notifications<a class="headerlink" href="#stale-notifications" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
<p>Sometimes, a notification is no longer relevant and should not persist any
longer. In those cases, you can explicitly withdraw it, like this:</p>
<div class="sphinx-tabs docutils container">
<div aria-label="Tabbed content" class="closeable" role="tablist"><button aria-controls="panel-5-Qw==" aria-selected="true" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-5-Qw==" name="Qw==" role="tab" tabindex="0">C</button><button aria-controls="panel-5-UHl0aG9u" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-5-UHl0aG9u" name="UHl0aG9u" role="tab" tabindex="-1">Python</button><button aria-controls="panel-5-VmFsYQ==" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-5-VmFsYQ==" name="VmFsYQ==" role="tab" tabindex="-1">Vala</button><button aria-controls="panel-5-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-5-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" name="SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" role="tab" tabindex="-1">JavaScript</button></div><div aria-labelledby="tab-5-Qw==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" id="panel-5-Qw==" name="Qw==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">now_is_tea_time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">g_application_withdraw_notification</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">application</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;lunch-is-ready&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-5-UHl0aG9u" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-5-UHl0aG9u" name="UHl0aG9u" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">now_is_tea_time</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">application</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">withdraw_notification</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;lunch-is-ready&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-5-VmFsYQ==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-5-VmFsYQ==" name="VmFsYQ==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-vala notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">now_is_tea_time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">application</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">withdraw_notification</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;lunch-is-ready&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-5-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-5-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" name="SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-js notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">now_is_tea_time</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">application</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">withdraw_notification</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;lunch-is-ready&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div></div>
</section>
<section id="disabling-notifications">
<h2>Disabling notifications<a class="headerlink" href="#disabling-notifications" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
<p>If your application uses notifications, you should allow users to disable them.</p>
<p>GNOME has a blanket “do not disturb” mode, but each application can be
individually controlled through the “Notifications” settings panel.</p>
<p>In order to make your application appear in the panel, add the following line to
your desktop file:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">X</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">GNOME</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">UsesNotifications</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">true</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
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<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Using Notifications</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#anatomy-of-a-notification">Anatomy of a notification</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#creating-a-notification">Creating a notification</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#adding-actions">Adding actions</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#actions-with-parameters">Actions with parameters</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#stale-notifications">Stale notifications</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#disabling-notifications">Disabling notifications</a></li>
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