Programming Languages

GNOME applications can be written in a range of languages, including C++, Javascript, Python, Rust and Vala. This page provides an overview of the languages that are available, with links to the relevant developer documentation.

Overview

GNOME platform libraries are primarily written in C, and provide a machine-readable description of their API and ABI through GObject-Introspection. This means that C is the “default” platform language, and that the upstream documentation for each library typically references C, but it is possible to use multiple languages to write applications for GNOME.

GObject-Introspection allows GNOME to easily provide support for a range of high level languages. In each case, this support is provided by a separate project, which provides its own documentation and support.

Language support typically needs to be installed as part of your development environment. Packages are available for most Linux distributions. In some cases, Flatpak runtime extensions are also available.

Available languages

The following languages can be used to write GNOME applications.

Language	Project	Documentation	Notes
C++	gtkmm	Documentation overview
JavaScript	GJS	API references	Built on Mozilla’s SpiderMonkey, featuring ES6 (ECMAScript 2015). Applications which use GJS include Polari, Maps and Sound Recorder.
Python	PyGObject	API references	Works with Python 3.5+, PyPy, and PyPy3. Applications which use PyGObject include Music, Lollypop and Pitivi.
Rust	gtk-rs	Book	Applications which use gtk-rs include Authenticator, Shortwave and Video Trimmer.
Vala	Vala	API References	Vala is a programming language which wraps GNOME libraries and outputs C code. Applications which use Vala include Games, Boxes, Clocks and Gitg.