pour les menus: https://discourse.gnome.org/t/when-do-we-really-have-to-use-gtk-popover-present-to-show-a-popover-at-a-given-widget/17566/5 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69135934/creating-a-simple-menubar-menu-and-menu-item-in-c-using-gtk4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://www.man-linux-magique.net/man3/gets.html https://zestedesavoir.com/tutoriels/755/le-langage-c-1/1043_aggregats-memoire-et-fichiers/4911_les-fichiers/ ================================================= ttps://developer.gnome.org/hig/principles.html // https://docs.gtk.org/gio/class.MenuModel.html // https://www.geany.org/manual/gtk/gobject/index.html // https://developer.gnome.org/hig/patterns/controls/menus.html ================================================================================ jean@Project:~/Gem-Graph/gem-graph-client [env] $ nano ~/.gitconfig jean@Project:~/Gem-Graph/gem-graph-client [env] $ git commit -as < pour signer jean@Project:~/Gem-Graph/gem-graph-client [env] $ git config --global alias.commit commit - jean@Project:~/Gem-Graph/gem-graph-client [env] $ git config --global user.signingKey F37FE3F41D1463D56460400CFB3115C340E057E3 jean@Project:~/Gem-Graph/gem-graph-client [env] $ echo "b00fb7ba53841e7ff49a07f3f63fa45b2c5674f2b7b442eeafef1fa5e7b406fc" | gpg -a --default-key FB3115C340E057E3 --detach-sig jean@Project:~/Gem-Graph/gem-graph-client [env] $ gpg --export --armor F37FE3F41D1463D56460400CFB3115C340E057E3 jean@Project:~/Gem-Graph/gem-graph-client [env] $ gpg --edit-key jean@a-lec.org jean@Project:~/Gem-Graph/gem-graph-client [env] $ gpg --list-key jean@a-lec.org jean@Project:~/Gem-Graph/gem-graph-client [env] $ git rebase -i HEAD~6 jean@Project:~/Gem-Graph/gem-graph-client [env] $ git rebase -i a6845e9b2a622b5ec75317de3c3089f6a3fb3ab0 jean@Project:~/Gem-Graph/gem-graph-client [env] $ git commit --amend -S pour chercher : grep pour éditer : sed 2024-06-29 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- contain.c: (136) gtk_box_append (middle_box, GTK_WIDGET (get_GLArea())); graphics.h: (177) static inline GLuint create_shader(const int stack_id, int type, const char *src) {...} graphics.c: (153) graphics_draw (stack_index[i].stack_id); graphics.c: (233) g_signal_connect (adj, "value-changed", G_CALLBACK(on_axis_value_change), (gpointer) label); graphics.c: (289) g_signal_connect(GTK_GL_AREA(gl_area), "render", G_CALLBACK(on_glarea_render), NULL); graphics.c: g_signal_connect(gl_area, "realize", G_CALLBACK(on_glarea_realize), NULL); graphics.c: g_signal_connect(gl_area, "unrealize", G_CALLBACK(on_glarea_unrealize), NULL); graph_stack.c: (149) if (!graphics_init_shaders(cur_id)) return -1; graph_stack.c: (153) graphics_init_buffers(cur_id); graph_stack.c: (288) draw_space_ridges_vertex (stack_id, stack->buffer_vertex_size, space_X, space_Y, space_Z); graph_stack.c: draw_space_ridges_lines (stack_id); graph_stack.c: draw_grids_on_space_faces_vertex (stack_id, space_X, space_Y, space_Z); graph_stack.c: draw_grids_on_space_faces_lines (stack_id, stack->buffer_lines_size, space_X, space_Y, space_Z); graph_stack.c: (316) stack->arrows_nb = set_arrow (stack_id, stack->arrows_nb, space_X, space_Y, space_Z, arrow.load, arrow.site, arrow.x, arrow.y, arrow.z); -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- contain is called (#included) in : callback, display, tree, graph_stack, graphics, init, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // https://docs.gtk.org/gtk4/visual_index.html < widgets gallery // https://docs.gtk.org/gtk4/section-text-widget.html // https://docs.gtk.org/gtk4/class.Widget.html#height-for-width-geometry-management // GTK_ORIENTATION_VERTICAL GTK_ORIENTATION_HORIZONTAL https://docs.gtk.org/gtk4/visual_index.html widgets gallery https://forge.a-lec.org/gem-graph/gem-graph-client/src/branch/devel/Makefile https://docs.gtk.org/gtk4/class.Widget.html#height-for-width-geometry-management // GtkSizeRequestMode get_request_mode (GtkWidget* widget); // gtk_window_set_default_size (GTK_WINDOW (a_box), 30, 400); < TO STUDY https://docs.gtk.org/gtk4/section-text-widget.html texts https://docs.gtk.org/gtk4/drag-and-drop.html drag-and-drop https://docs.gtk.org/gtk4/class.GestureZoom.html GtkGestureZoom https://docs.gtk.org/gtk4/class.ListView.html https://blog.gtk.org/2020/09/08/on-list-models/ < TODO https://docs.gtk.org/gio/method.ActionMap.add_action_entries.html -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GTK_ORIENTATION_VERTICAL GTK_ORIENTATION_HORIZONTAL GTK_SIZE_REQUEST_HEIGHT_FOR_WIDTH GTK_SIZE_REQUEST_WIDTH_FOR_HEIGHT GTK_SIZE_REQUEST_CONSTANT_SIZE g_signal_connect (button, "clicked", G_CALLBACK (printf("%s\n", text)), text); g_signal_connect_swapped (button, "clicked", G_CALLBACK (gtk_window_destroy), window); -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GtkBox GtkGrid GtkRevealer GtkStack GtkOverlay GtkPaned GtkExpander GtkFixed box = gtk_box_new (GTK_ORIENTATION_VERTICAL, 0); gtk_widget_set_halign (box, GTK_ALIGN_FILL); gtk_widget_set_valign (box, GTK_ALIGN_CENTER); // START CENTER END FILL gtk_window_set_child (GTK_WINDOW (window), box); puis, après déclaration du bouton, gtk_box_append (GTK_BOX (box), button); grid = gtk_grid_new (); gtk_window_set_child (GTK_WINDOW (window), grid); button = gtk_button_new_with_label (" I "); n fois gtk_grid_attach (GTK_GRID (grid), button, 0, 0, 1, 1); n fois -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TODO (or NOT TODO) GtkWidget *get_text_view(){ // WTF ?!& @Grr #~! // https://docs.gtk.org/gtk4/section-text-widget.html GtkWidget *my_view = gtk_text_view_new (); GtkTextTagTable *my_table = gtk_text_tag_table_new (); GtkTextBuffer *my_buffer = gtk_text_buffer_new (my_table); gtk_text_buffer_set_text (my_buffer, "Hello, this is some text", -1); gtk_text_view_set_buffer (GTK_TEXT_VIEW (my_view), my_buffer); /* Now you might put the view in a container and display it on the * screen; when the user edits the text, signals on the buffer * will be emitted, such as "changed", "insert_text", and so on. */ return my_view; } // https://docs.gtk.org/gtk4/getting_started.html (m'aura bien servi, quand même !) //typedef anytype = {(int)(*fnct) {printf("typedef {(int)(*fnct) {printf("");}");} GtkModelFnct; https://blog.gtk.org/2020/06/07/scalable-lists-in-gtk-4/ https://docs.gtk.org/gtk4/section-list-widget.html A GtkListItemFactory creates widgets for the items taken from a GListModel. https://docs.gtk.org/gtk4/class.ListItemFactory.html GtkBuilderListItemFactory is a GtkListItemFactory that creates widgets by instantiating GtkBuilder UI templates. The templates must be extending GtkListItem, and typically use GtkExpressions to obtain data from the items in the model. https://docs.gtk.org/gtk4/class.BuilderListItemFactory.html GListModel is an interface that represents a mutable list of GObjects. Its main intention is as a model for various widgets in user interfaces, such as list views, but it can also be used as a convenient method of returning lists of data, with support for updates. https://docs.gtk.org/gio/iface.ListModel.html ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://docs.gtk.org/gtk4/getting_started.html https://docs.gtk.org/gtk4/overview.html https://flathub.org/apps/details/ar.xjuan.Cambalache https://github.com/Taiko2k/GTK4PythonTutorial https://github.com/ToshioCP/Gtk4-tutorial https://developer.gnome.org/documentation/tutorials/beginners/getting_started.html https://github.com/Taiko2k/GTK4PythonTutorial#readme ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GTK Development Blog /* essai run-stop, speed et step by step dans une seule box controls ----------------------------------------------------------------- #include #include #include "cold.h" void print_text(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data) {g_print (data);} GtkWidget *get_a_space_test_image(){ GtkWidget *image; image = GTK_WIDGET(get_scrolled_gl_area()); image = gtk_picture_new_for_filename ("/home/jean/01/Gtk4/images/aXoris.png"); image = gtk_picture_new_for_filename ("/home/jean/01/Gtk4/images/gg sketch.png"); image = gtk_picture_new_for_filename ("/home/jean/01/Gtk4/images/E coli.png"); image = gtk_picture_new_for_filename ("/home/jean/01/Gtk4/images/E coli resized.png"); image = gtk_picture_new_for_filename ("/home/jean/01/Gtk4/Getting_Started_with_GTK/E coli by David S. Goodsell (2009).png"); return image; } GtkWidget *get_scroll_speed(){ GtkAdjustment *speed_adjust = gtk_adjustment_new (0, 0, 100, 1, 0, 0); GtkWidget *scroll_speed = gtk_scrollbar_new (GTK_ORIENTATION_VERTICAL, speed_adjust); return scroll_speed; } // TODO cliquer sur "RUN" --> affiche "STOP" (et inversement) GtkBox *get_RUN_STOP_box(){ GtkBox *RUN_STOP_box = GTK_BOX(gtk_box_new (GTK_ORIENTATION_HORIZONTAL, 2)); // spacing = 2 GtkWidget *RUN_Label = GTK_WIDGET (gtk_label_new (NULL)); // "RUN")); const char *str = " RUN\n STOP"; const char *format = "\%s"; char *markup; markup = g_markup_printf_escaped (format, str); gtk_label_set_markup (GTK_LABEL (RUN_Label), markup); // Sets the labels text and attributes from markup. g_free (markup); gtk_label_set_max_width_chars (GTK_LABEL(RUN_Label), 12); gtk_label_set_wrap (GTK_LABEL(RUN_Label), TRUE); gtk_label_set_xalign (GTK_LABEL(RUN_Label), 0.5); // xalign value, between 0 and 1 gtk_label_set_yalign (GTK_LABEL(RUN_Label), 0.5); gtk_label_set_selectable (GTK_LABEL(RUN_Label), FALSE); // default = FALSE gtk_label_set_single_line_mode (GTK_LABEL(RUN_Label), TRUE); // default = TRUE // gtk_box_append (RUN_STOP_box, RUN_Label); return RUN_STOP_box; } GtkBox *get_STEP_by_STEP_box(){ GtkBox *STEP_by_STEP_box = GTK_BOX(gtk_box_new (GTK_ORIENTATION_HORIZONTAL, 0)); GtkWidget *STEP_by_STEP_Label = GTK_WIDGET (gtk_label_new ("ONE\nSTEP")); gtk_box_append (STEP_by_STEP_box, STEP_by_STEP_Label); return STEP_by_STEP_box; } GtkBox *get_CONTROL_box(){ GtkBox *CONTROL_box = GTK_BOX(gtk_box_new (GTK_ORIENTATION_VERTICAL, 0)); gtk_box_append (CONTROL_box, GTK_WIDGET (get_RUN_STOP_box())); gtk_box_append (CONTROL_box, GTK_WIDGET (get_scroll_speed())); gtk_box_append (CONTROL_box, GTK_WIDGET (get_STEP_by_STEP_box())); return CONTROL_box; } */ Legacy, again... ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// void fsm_poetic_engine() // 2024-08-31 { int milliseconds = 100; struct timespec rem; struct timespec req= { (int)(milliseconds / 1000), /* secs (Must be Non-Negative) */ (milliseconds % 1000) * 1000000 /* nano (Must be in range of 0 to 999999999) */ }; while (true) { printf(" | O . |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | O . |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | DO * |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | D=-O * |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | D=-- -O * |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | =- - - O * |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | -- O * |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | - O (*) |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | O (*) |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | O (*) |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | O (*) |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | O*) |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | (*O |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | (*) O |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | (*) O |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | (*) O |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | * O |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | * O |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | * O |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | * O |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | * O |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | O |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | O * |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | O . |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | O . |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | O . .|\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | O . .|\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | D . . |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | D- . . |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | D =- . . |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | D = --- . . |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | D =-- . . |\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | D=- . .|\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); printf(" | D- . .|\n\x1b[1F\x1b[2K"); nanosleep(&req , &rem); } } /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// My old engine in java... /////////////// package engine; import java.lang.System.out; import measures.MeasuresManager; import resources.P; import rule.FormulasManager; import rule.FormulasManagerAccess; import session.ViewControls; import state.StateManager; import state.StateManagerLocal; import views.MODEL; import views.ViewsManagerAccess; /* 2020-11 [prototype 0.0] MonoThread executes a while(true) loop with two instructions: (1) search a place where a transition can be done (2) do the transition while (true) if (session.MainView.isStartStopButtonSelected()) { state.StateManagerLocal.chooseLocalOrigin(false); new SingleTransition(true); } */ public class SingleTransition { protected volatile boolean is_done = false; protected volatile String elapsed; public SingleTransition (boolean mono) {if (mono) perform_a_transition();} private synchronized static final void perform_a_transition() { // if (step_by_step) StateManagerLocal.circlePresentState(); if(ViewControls.isDoSelected()) SingleTransition.execute_do (SingleTransition.prepare_do (false)); else if(ViewControls.isUndoSelected()) SingleTransition.execute_undo(SingleTransition.prepare_undo(false)); else if(ViewControls.isRedoSelected()) SingleTransition.execute_redo(SingleTransition.prepare_redo(false)); // if (ViewControls.undo_buffer < UNDO_STACK_SIZE) ViewControls.setTimeBufferBar(ViewControls.undo_buffer); MainView.addElapsedTime(); } public static final int prepare_do (final boolean step_by_step) { // ThreadsManager.addCycle(); // {nb_cycles ++;} This cycle can be inefficient if no formula can be applied selected_formula = FormulasManager.iterateToFindAFormula(); // if(selected_formula > -1) out.println(" prepare_do "+ state.StateManagerLocal.getInfoDebug()); return selected_formula; } public static final void execute_do (final int formula_key) { // formula.doActions(); out.print(" execute_do: formula key=" + formula_key +" "); if (formula_key < 0) { if(StateManagerLocal.comment_origins) out.println("execute_do failure: formula key=" + formula_key); return;} MeasuresManager.startMeasuringAFormulaEffect(formula_key); // out.println("execute_do formula name = "+ FormulasManager.formula.get(formula_key).name); FormulasManager.getFormula().get (formula_key) .doActions(); // {for (i = 0; i < action.length; i++) action[i].doAction (); StateManagerLocal.endRule(action_swap, action_name);} MeasuresManager.endMeasuringAFormulaEffect(formula_key); writePresentState (formula_key); present ++; if (present == UNDO_STACK_SIZE) present = 0; // MainView.setStartStopButtonSelected(false);// if (present == 1); {MainView.setStartStopButtonSelected(false); } //out.println("MonoThread.execute_do > stop ! (present == 1)"); ViewControls .execDo(); doRepaint(); if (DO_UNDO_REDO_comment) comment_do(formula_key); // if (MonoThreadTest.present == 12) MainView.setStartStopButtonSelected(false); } public static final int prepare_undo (final boolean step_by_step) { // MonoThreadTest.present --; return MonoThreadTest. f [MonoThreadTest.present]; if (ViewControls.isUndoBufferEmpty()) {out.println("prepare_undo stop !");} // undo_buffer is always >= 0 else {present --; if (present == -1) present = UNDO_STACK_SIZE -1; ViewControls.execUndo();} final int formula_key = readPresentState(step_by_step); // if (step_by_step) StateManagerLocal.circlePresentState(); return formula_key; } public static final void execute_undo (final int formula_key) { // formula.unDoActions(); {for (i = 0; i < action.length; i++) ...} FormulasManager.getFormula().get (formula_key) .unDoActions(); // {for (i = 0; i < action.length; i++) action[i].doAction (); StateManagerLocal.endRule(action_swap, action_name);} ViewControls.setRedoSelected(); // StateManagerLocal.circlePresentState(); // ThreadsManager.removeEfficientCycle(); // {nb_effective_cycles --;} doRepaint(); if (DO_UNDO_REDO_comment) comment_undo(); } public static final int prepare_redo (final boolean step_by_step) { // return MonoThreadTest. f [MonoThreadTest.present]; final int formula_key = readPresentState(step_by_step); // ThreadsManager.addEfficientCycle(); // {nb_effective_cycles ++;} // if (step_by_step) StateManagerLocal.circlePresentState(); return formula_key; } public static final void execute_redo (final int formula_key) { // formula.doActions(); {for (i = 0; i < action.length; i++) ...} // the redo_buffer is always >= 0 (if the re_do buffer is empty, the re_do button is deactivated) if (! ViewControls.isRedoBufferEmpty()) { FormulasManager.getFormula().get (formula_key).doActions(); // {for (i = 0; i < action.length; i++) action[i].doAction (); StateManagerLocal.endRule(action_swap, action_name);} present ++; if (present == UNDO_STACK_SIZE) present = 0; ViewControls.execRedo(); } ViewControls.setUndoSelected(); doRepaint(); if (DO_UNDO_REDO_comment) comment_redo(); } public final static void writePresentState (final int formula_key) { // x [present] = StateManagerLocal.local_space_origin_X; ... formula [present] = (short) formula_key; o [present] = (byte) StateManagerLocal.getReferenceOrientation_1(); switch(StateManager.space_dimension) { case THREE: z [present] = (byte) StateManagerLocal.local_space_origin_Z; // no break; case TWO: y [present] = (byte) StateManagerLocal.local_space_origin_Y; // no break; case ONE: x [present] = (byte) StateManagerLocal.local_space_origin_X; // no break; default:;} } private final static int readPresentState (final boolean step_by_step) { // StateManagerLocal.local_space_origin_X = x [present]; ... switch(StateManager.space_dimension) { case THREE : StateManagerLocal.local_space_origin_Z = z [present]; // no break case TWO : StateManagerLocal.local_space_origin_Y = y [present]; // no break case ONE : StateManagerLocal.local_space_origin_X = x [present]; // no break; default:;} StateManagerLocal.setReferenceOrientation_1 (o [present]); return formula[present]; } private final static void doRepaint() {ViewsManagerAccess.getView(MODEL.SPACE, "MonoThread.execute_do_undo_redo()").repaint(); } public static int selected_formula; public static int present = 0; public final static int UNDO_STACK_SIZE = 3000; // resources.Parameters.UNDO_STACK_SIZE; // This parameter is also used by ViewControls to display the BufferProgressBarValue protected final static short[] formula = new short [UNDO_STACK_SIZE]; protected final static byte[] x = new byte [UNDO_STACK_SIZE]; protected final static byte[] y = new byte [UNDO_STACK_SIZE]; protected final static byte[] z = new byte [UNDO_STACK_SIZE]; protected final static byte[] o = new byte [UNDO_STACK_SIZE]; private final static byte s6 = 6, s2 = 2; public final static boolean DO_UNDO_REDO_comment = false; // true false protected final static void comment_do (int rank) { if (present == 0) present = UNDO_STACK_SIZE; out.println(" do -----> "+ P.aa(present,s6) + " ("+ P.aa(ViewControls.undo_buffer - 1,s2) +"+1="+ P.aa(ViewControls.undo_buffer,s2) +" /"+ P.aa(ViewControls.redo_buffer,s2) +" -"+ P.aa(ViewControls.redo_buffer,s2) +") "+ P.aa("xyzo ("+ P.aa(x[present - 1],2) +","+ P.aa(y[present - 1],2) +","+ P.aa(z[present - 1],2) +")",12) +" "+ o[present - 1] +" " + // "from:"+ P.aa(from[present - 1],4) +" to:"+ P.aa(to[present - 1],4) + " f="+ formula[present - 1] + ""); if (present == UNDO_STACK_SIZE) present = 0; } protected final static void comment_undo () { // present ++; if (present == stack_size) present = 0; // This comment is triggered after present was decreased of one unit out.println(" undo <--| "+ P.aa(present,s6) + " ("+ P.aa(ViewControls.undo_buffer + 1,s2) +"-1="+ P.aa(ViewControls.undo_buffer,s2) +" /"+ P.aa(ViewControls.redo_buffer - 1,s2) +"+1="+ P.aa(ViewControls.redo_buffer,s2) +") "+ P.aa("xyzo ("+ P.aa(x[present],2) +","+ P.aa(y[present],2) +","+ P.aa(z[present],2) +")",12) +" "+ o[present] +" " + // "from:"+ P.aa(from[present],4) +" to:"+ P.aa(to[present],4) + " f="+ formula[present] + ""); } protected final static void comment_redo () { if (present == 0) present = UNDO_STACK_SIZE; out.println(" redo |--> "+ P.aa(present,s6) + " ("+P.aa(ViewControls.undo_buffer - 1,s2) +"+1="+ P.aa(ViewControls.undo_buffer,s2) + " /"+ P.aa(ViewControls.redo_buffer + 1,s2) +"-1="+ P.aa(ViewControls.redo_buffer,s2) +") "+ P.aa("xyzo ("+ P.aa(x[present - 1],2) +","+ P.aa(y[present - 1],2) +","+ P.aa(z[present - 1],2) +")",12) +" "+ o[present - 1] +" " + // "from:"+ P.aa(from[present - 1],4) +" to:"+ P.aa(to[present - 1],4) + " f="+ formula[present - 1] + ""); if (present == UNDO_STACK_SIZE) present = 0; } } /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////