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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorials/application.html">Using GtkApplication</a></li>
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<section id="programming-languages">
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<h1>Programming Languages<a class="headerlink" href="#programming-languages" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h1>
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<p>GNOME applications can be written in a range of languages, including C++, Javascript, Python, Rust and Vala. This page provides an overview of the languages that are available, with links to the relevant developer documentation.</p>
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<section id="overview">
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<h2>Overview<a class="headerlink" href="#overview" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
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<p>GNOME platform libraries are primarily written in C, and provide a machine-readable description of their API and ABI through <a class="reference external" href="https://gi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">GObject-Introspection</a>. This means that C is the “default” platform language, and that the upstream documentation for each library typically references C, but it is possible to use multiple languages to write applications for GNOME.</p>
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<p>GObject-Introspection allows GNOME to easily provide support for a range of high level languages. In each case, this support is provided by a separate project, which provides its own documentation and support.</p>
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<p>Language support typically needs to be installed as part of your development environment. Packages are available for most Linux distributions. In some cases, Flatpak runtime extensions are also available.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="available-languages">
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<h2>Available languages<a class="headerlink" href="#available-languages" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
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<p>The following languages can be used to write GNOME applications.</p>
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<div class="table-wrapper colwidths-given docutils container">
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<table class="colwidths-given docutils align-default">
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<colgroup>
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<col style="width: 10%" />
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<col style="width: 10%" />
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<col style="width: 70%" />
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</colgroup>
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<thead>
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<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Language</p></th>
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<th class="head"><p>Project</p></th>
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<th class="head"><p>Documentation</p></th>
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<th class="head"><p>Notes</p></th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p>C++</p></td>
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<td><p><a class="reference external" href="https://gtkmm.org/">gtkmm</a></p></td>
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<td><p><a class="reference external" href="https://gtkmm.org/en/documentation.html">Documentation overview</a></p></td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>JavaScript</p></td>
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<td><p><a class="reference external" href="https://gjs.guide/">GJS</a></p></td>
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<td><p><a class="reference external" href="https://gjs-docs.gnome.org">API references</a></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Built on Mozilla’s SpiderMonkey, featuring ES6 (ECMAScript 2015). Applications which use GJS include <a class="reference external" href="https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/polari/">Polari</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-maps">Maps</a> and <a class="reference external" href="https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-sound-recorder">Sound Recorder</a>.</p></td>
|
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</tr>
|
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Python</p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference external" href="https://pygobject.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">PyGObject</a></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://lazka.github.io/pgi-docs/">API references</a></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Works with Python 3.5+, PyPy, and PyPy3. Applications which use PyGObject include <a class="reference external" href="https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-music">Music</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://gitlab.gnome.org/World/lollypop">Lollypop</a> and <a class="reference external" href="https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/pitivi">Pitivi</a>.</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Rust</p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference external" href="https://gtk-rs.org">gtk-rs</a></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference external" href="https://gtk-rs.org/gtk4-rs/stable/latest/book/">Book</a></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Applications which use gtk-rs include <a class="reference external" href="https://gitlab.gnome.org/World/Authenticator">Authenticator</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://gitlab.gnome.org/World/Shortwave">Shortwave</a> and <a class="reference external" href="https://gitlab.gnome.org/YaLTeR/video-trimmer">Video Trimmer</a>.</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Vala</p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference external" href="https://vala.dev/">Vala</a></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference external" href="https://valadoc.org/">API References</a></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Vala is a programming language which wraps GNOME libraries and outputs C code. Applications which use Vala include <a class="reference external" href="https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-games/">Games</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://gitlab.gnome.org/World/Shortwave">Boxes</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-clocks/">Clocks</a> and <a class="reference external" href="https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gitg">Gitg</a>.</p></td>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Programming Languages</a><ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-languages">Available languages</a></li>
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