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|
||
<h1>Actions<a class="headerlink" href="#actions" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h1>
|
||
<p>A <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GAction</span></code> is a representation of a single user-interesting action in an application.</p>
|
||
<p>To use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GAction</span></code> you should be using <a class="reference internal" href="application.html"><span class="doc">GtkApplication</span></a>.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>It’s possible to use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GAction</span></code> without <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GtkApplication</span></code> but this is not
|
||
discussed here.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<section id="what-it-is-what-it-isn-t">
|
||
<h2>What it is, what it isn’t<a class="headerlink" href="#what-it-is-what-it-isn-t" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
|
||
<p>A <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GAction</span></code> is essentially a way to tell the toolkit about a piece of
|
||
functionality in your program, and to give it a name.</p>
|
||
<p>Actions are purely functional. They do not contain any presentational information.</p>
|
||
<p>An action has four pieces of information associated with it:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p>a <strong>name</strong> as an identifier (usually all-lowercase, untranslated English string)</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>an <strong>enabled</strong> flag indicating if the action can be activated or not (like “sensitive”)</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>an optional <strong>state</strong> value, for stateful actions (like a boolean for toggles)</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>an optional <strong>parameter</strong> type, used when activating the action</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>An action supports two operations:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p>activation, invoked with an optional parameter (of the correct type, see
|
||
above)</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>state change request, invoked with a new requested state value (of the
|
||
correct type). Only supported for stateful actions.</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Here are some rules about an action:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p>the <strong>name</strong> is immutable (in the sense that it will never change) and it
|
||
is never <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code></p></li>
|
||
<li><p>the <strong>enabled</strong> flag can change</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>the <strong>parameter</strong> type is immutable</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>the <strong>parameter type</strong> is optional: it can be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code></p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><p>if the parameter type is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> then action activation must be done
|
||
without a parameter (ie: a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> GVariant pointer)</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>if the parameter type is non <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> then the parameter must have this
|
||
type</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><p>the <strong>state</strong> can change, but it cannot change type</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><p>if the action was stateful when it was created, it will always have a
|
||
state and it will always have exactly the same type (such as boolean
|
||
or string)</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>if the action was stateless when it was created, it can never have a state</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><p>you can only request <strong>state changes</strong> on stateful actions and it is only
|
||
possible to request that the state change to a value of the same type as the
|
||
existing state</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>An action does <strong>not</strong> have any of the following:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p>a label</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>an icon</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>a way of creating a widget corresponding to it</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>any other sort of presentational information</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="action-state-and-parameters">
|
||
<h2>Action state and parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#action-state-and-parameters" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
|
||
<p>Most actions in your application will be stateless actions with no parameters.
|
||
These typically appear as menu items with no special decoration. An example is
|
||
“quit”.</p>
|
||
<p>Stateful actions are used to represent an action which has a closely-associated
|
||
state of some kind. A good example is a “fullscreen” action. For this case,
|
||
you’d expect to see a checkmark next to the menu item when the fullscreen option
|
||
is active. This is usually called a toggle action, and it has a boolean state.
|
||
By convention, toggle actions have no parameter type for activation: activating
|
||
the action always toggles the state.</p>
|
||
<p>Another common case is to have an action representing a enumeration of possible
|
||
values of a given type (typically string). This is often called a radio action
|
||
and is usually represented in the user interface with radio buttons or radio
|
||
menu items, or sometimes a combobox. A good example is “text-justify” with
|
||
possible values “left”, “center”, and “right”. By convention, these types of
|
||
actions have a parameter type equal to their state type, and activating them
|
||
with a particular parameter value is equivalent to changing their state to that
|
||
value.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>This approach to handling radio buttons is different than many other action
|
||
systems. With <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GAction</span></code>, there is only one action for “text-justify” and
|
||
“left”, “center” and “right” are possible states on that action. There are
|
||
not three separate “justify-left”, “justify-center” and “justify-right”
|
||
actions.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>The final common type of action is a stateless action with a parameter. This is
|
||
typically used for actions like “open-bookmark” where the parameter to the
|
||
action would be the identifier of the bookmark to open.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="action-target-and-detailed-names">
|
||
<h2>Action target and detailed names<a class="headerlink" href="#action-target-and-detailed-names" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
|
||
<p>Because some types of actions cannot be invoked without a parameter, it is often
|
||
important to specify a parameter when referring to the action from a place where
|
||
it will be invoked (such as from a radio button that sets the state to a
|
||
particular value or from a menu item that opens a specific bookmark). From these
|
||
contexts, the value used for the action parameter is typically called the target
|
||
of the action.</p>
|
||
<p>Even though toggle actions have a state, they do not have a parameter.
|
||
Therefore, a target value is not needed when referring to them – they will
|
||
always be toggled on activation.</p>
|
||
<p>Most APIs that allow using a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GAction</span></code> (such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GMenuModel</span></code> and
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GtkActionable</span></code>) allow use of detailed action names. This is a convenient way
|
||
of specifying an action name and an action target with a single string.</p>
|
||
<p>In the case that the action target is a string with no unusual characters (ie:
|
||
only alpha-numeric, plus ‘-’ and ‘.’) then you can use a detailed action name of
|
||
the form <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">justify::left</span></code> to specify the justify action with a target of left.</p>
|
||
<p>In the case that the action target is not a string, or contains unusual
|
||
characters, you can use the more general format <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">action-name(5)</span></code>, where the “5”
|
||
here is any valid text-format <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GVariant</span></code> (ie: a string that can be parsed by
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">g_variant_parse()</span></code>). Another example is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open-bookmark('http://gnome.org/')</span></code>.</p>
|
||
<p>You can convert between detailed action names and split-out action names and
|
||
target values using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">g_action_parse_detailed_action_name()</span></code> and
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">g_action_print_detailed_action_name()</span></code> but usually you will not need to. Most
|
||
APIs will provide both ways of specifying actions with targets.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="action-scopes">
|
||
<h2>Action scopes<a class="headerlink" href="#action-scopes" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
|
||
<p>Actions are always scoped to a particular object on which they operate.</p>
|
||
<p>GTK allows you to create any number of scopes for actions, but will always have
|
||
two predefined scopes available:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">app</span></code>, for actions global to the application</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">win</span></code>, for actions tied to an application window</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Actions scoped to windows should be the actions that specifically impact that
|
||
window. These are actions like “fullscreen” and “close”, or in the case that a
|
||
window contains a document, “save” and “print”.</p>
|
||
<p>Actions that impact the application as a whole rather than one specific window
|
||
are scoped to the application. These are actions like “about” and “preferences”.</p>
|
||
<p>If a particular action is scoped to a window then it is scoped to a specific
|
||
window. Another way of saying this: if your application has a “fullscreen”
|
||
action that applies to windows and it has three windows, then it will have three
|
||
fullscreen actions: one for each window.</p>
|
||
<p>Having a separate action per-window allows for each window to have a separate
|
||
state for each instance of the action as well as being able to control the
|
||
enabled state of the action on a per-window basis.</p>
|
||
<p>Actions are added to their relevant scope (application or window) using the
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GActionMap</span></code> interface.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="gactionmap">
|
||
<h2><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GActionMap</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#gactionmap" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
|
||
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GActionMap</span></code> is an interface exposing a mapping of action names to actions. It
|
||
is implemented by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GtkApplication</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GtkApplicationWindow</span></code>. Actions can
|
||
be added, removed, or looked up.</p>
|
||
<div class="sphinx-tabs docutils container">
|
||
<div aria-label="Tabbed content" class="closeable" role="tablist"><button aria-controls="panel-0-Qw==" aria-selected="true" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-0-Qw==" name="Qw==" role="tab" tabindex="0">C</button><button aria-controls="panel-0-UHl0aG9u" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-0-UHl0aG9u" name="UHl0aG9u" role="tab" tabindex="-1">Python</button><button aria-controls="panel-0-VmFsYQ==" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-0-VmFsYQ==" name="VmFsYQ==" role="tab" tabindex="-1">Vala</button><button aria-controls="panel-0-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-0-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" name="SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" role="tab" tabindex="-1">JavaScript</button></div><div aria-labelledby="tab-0-Qw==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" id="panel-0-Qw==" name="Qw==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">g_action_map_add_action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GActionMap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">action_map</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GAction</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">action</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">g_action_map_remove_action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GActionMap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">action_map</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gchar</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">action_name</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="n">GAction</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">g_action_map_lookup_action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GActionMap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">action_map</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gchar</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">action_name</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-0-UHl0aG9u" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-0-UHl0aG9u" name="UHl0aG9u" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">ActionMap</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">add_action</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">action</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Gio</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Action</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="k">pass</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">remove_action</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">action_name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="k">pass</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">lookup_action</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">action_name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="n">Gio</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Action</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="k">pass</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-0-VmFsYQ==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-0-VmFsYQ==" name="VmFsYQ==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-vala notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">interface</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ActionMap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">add_action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GLib</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">action</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">remove_action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">action_name</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GLib</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lookup_action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">action_name</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-0-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-0-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" name="SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-js notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">action_map</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">add_action</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">action</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// GLib.Action</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="nx">action_map</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">remove_action</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">action_name</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// string</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="nx">action_map</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">lookup_action</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">action_name</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// string</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div></div>
|
||
<p>If you want to insert several actions at the same time, it is typically faster
|
||
and easier to use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GActionEntry</span></code>.</p>
|
||
<p>When referring to actions on a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GActionMap</span></code> only the name of the action itself
|
||
is used (ie: “quit”, not “app.quit”). The “app.quit” form is only used when
|
||
referring to actions from places like a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GMenu</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GtkActionable</span></code> widget
|
||
where the scope of the action is not already known. Because you’re using the
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GtkApplication</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GtkApplicationWindow</span></code> as the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GActionMap</span></code> it is clear
|
||
which object your action is scoped to, so the prefix is not needed.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="gsimpleaction-vs-gaction">
|
||
<h2><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GSimpleAction</span></code> vs <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GAction</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#gsimpleaction-vs-gaction" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
|
||
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GAction</span></code> is an interface with several implementations. The one that you are
|
||
most likely to use directly is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GSimpleAction</span></code>.</p>
|
||
<p>A good way to think about the split between <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GAction</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GSimpleAction</span></code> is
|
||
that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GAction</span></code> is the “consumer interface” and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GSimpleAction</span></code> is the
|
||
“provider interface”. The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GAction</span></code> interface provides the functions that are
|
||
consumed by users/callers/displayers of the action (such as menus and widgets).
|
||
The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GSimpleAction</span></code> interface is only accessed by the code that provides the
|
||
implementation for the action itself.</p>
|
||
<p>Note that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GActionMap</span></code> takes a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GAction</span></code>. Your action will only be
|
||
“consumed” as a result of you putting it in a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GActionMap</span></code>.</p>
|
||
<p>Compare:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GAction</span></code> has a function for checking if an action is enabled
|
||
(<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">g_action_get_enabled()</span></code>) but only the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GSimpleAction</span></code> API can enable or
|
||
disable an action (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">g_simple_action_set_enabled()</span></code>).</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GAction</span></code> has a function to query the state of the action
|
||
(<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">g_action_get_state()</span></code>) and request changes to it
|
||
(<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">g_action_change_state()</span></code>) but only <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GSimpleAction</span></code> has the API to directly
|
||
set the state value (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">g_simple_action_set_state()</span></code>).</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>If you want to provide a custom <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GAction</span></code> implementation then you can have
|
||
your own mechanism to control access to state setting and enabled. The GSettings
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GAction</span></code> implementation, for example, gets its state directly from the value
|
||
in GSettings and is enabled according to lockdown in effect on the key. It is
|
||
not possible to directly modify these values in any way (although it is possible
|
||
to indirectly affect the state by changing the value of the setting, if you have
|
||
permission to do so).</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="using-gsimpleaction">
|
||
<h2>Using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GSimpleAction</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#using-gsimpleaction" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
|
||
<p>If you are implementing actions, probably you will do it with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GSimpleAction</span></code>.</p>
|
||
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GSimpleAction</span></code> has two interesting signals: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">activate</span></code> and
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">change-state</span></code>. These correspond directly to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">g_action_activate()</span></code> and
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">g_action_change_state()</span></code>. You will almost certainly need to connect a handler
|
||
to the activate signal in order to handle the action being activated. The signal
|
||
handler takes a GVariant parameter which is the parameter that was passed to
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">g_action_activate()</span></code>.</p>
|
||
<p>If your action is stateful, you may also want to connect a change-state handler
|
||
to deal with state change requests. If your action is stateful and you do not
|
||
connect a handler for the change-state signal then the default is that all state
|
||
change requests will always change the state to the requested value. Even if you
|
||
always want the state to be set to the requested value, you will probably want
|
||
to connect a handler so that you can take some action in response to the state
|
||
being changed.</p>
|
||
<p>The default behaviour of setting the state in response to
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">g_action_change_state()</span></code> is disabled when connecting a handler to
|
||
change-state. You therefore need to be sure to call
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">g_simple_action_set_state()</span></code> from your handler if you actually want the state
|
||
to change.</p>
|
||
<p>A convenient way to bulk-create all the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GSimpleActions</span></code> you need to add to a
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GActionMap</span></code> is to use a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GActionEntry</span></code> array and
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">g_action_map_add_action_entries()</span></code>:</p>
|
||
<div class="sphinx-tabs docutils container">
|
||
<div aria-label="Tabbed content" class="closeable" role="tablist"><button aria-controls="panel-1-Qw==" aria-selected="true" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-1-Qw==" name="Qw==" role="tab" tabindex="0">C</button><button aria-controls="panel-1-VmFsYQ==" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-1-VmFsYQ==" name="VmFsYQ==" role="tab" tabindex="-1">Vala</button></div><div aria-labelledby="tab-1-Qw==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" id="panel-1-Qw==" name="Qw==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GActionEntry</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">app_entries</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"preferences"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">preferences_activated</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">},</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"quit"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quit_activated</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="p">};</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="nf">example_app_startup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GApplication</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// ...</span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">g_action_map_add_action_entries</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">G_ACTION_MAP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">app_entries</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">G_N_ELEMENTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">app_entries</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// ...</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-1-VmFsYQ==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-1-VmFsYQ==" name="VmFsYQ==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-vala notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Example</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">App</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GLib</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Application</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ActionEntry</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">app_entries</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"preferences"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">preferences_activated</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">},</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"quit"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">quit_activated</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">override</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">startup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// ...</span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add_action_entries</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">app_entries</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// ...</span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">preferences_activated</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SimpleAction</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">action</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Variant</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">parameter</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// ...</span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quit_activated</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SimpleAction</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">action</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Variant</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">parameter</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// ...</span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div></div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="other-kinds-of-actions">
|
||
<h2>Other kinds of actions<a class="headerlink" href="#other-kinds-of-actions" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
|
||
<p>Besides <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GSimpleAction</span></code>, GIO provides some other implementations of
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GAction</span></code>. One is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GSettingsAction</span></code>, which wraps a GSettings key with an
|
||
action that represents the value of the setting and lets you set the key to a
|
||
new value when activated. Another is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GPropertyAction</span></code>, which similarly
|
||
wraps a GObject property.</p>
|
||
<p>Both <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GSettingsAction</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GPropertyAction</span></code> implement toggle-on-activate
|
||
behaviour for boolean states - note that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GSimpleAction</span></code> does not, you have
|
||
to implement an activate handler yourself for that.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="adding-actions-to-your-gtkapplication">
|
||
<h2>Adding actions to your GtkApplication<a class="headerlink" href="#adding-actions-to-your-gtkapplication" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
|
||
<p>You can add a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GAction</span></code> to anything implementing the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GActionMap</span></code> interface,
|
||
including <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GtkApplication</span></code>. This is done with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">g_action_map_add_action()</span></code>
|
||
and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">g_action_map_add_action_entries()</span></code>.</p>
|
||
<p>Typically, you will want to do this during the startup phase of your
|
||
application.</p>
|
||
<p>It’s possible to add or remove actions at any time, but doing it before startup
|
||
is wasteful in case the application is a remote instance (and will just exit
|
||
anyway). It is also possible to dynamically add and remove actions any time
|
||
after startup, when the application is running.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="adding-actions-to-your-gtkapplicationwindow">
|
||
<h2>Adding actions to your GtkApplicationWindow<a class="headerlink" href="#adding-actions-to-your-gtkapplicationwindow" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
|
||
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GtkApplicationWindow</span></code> also implements <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GActionMap</span></code>. You will typically
|
||
want to add most actions to your window when it is constructed. It is possible
|
||
to add and remove actions at any time while the window exists.</p>
|
||
<p>For example:</p>
|
||
<div class="sphinx-tabs docutils container">
|
||
<div aria-label="Tabbed content" class="closeable" role="tablist"><button aria-controls="panel-2-Qw==" aria-selected="true" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-2-Qw==" name="Qw==" role="tab" tabindex="0">C</button><button aria-controls="panel-2-UHl0aG9u" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-2-UHl0aG9u" name="UHl0aG9u" role="tab" tabindex="-1">Python</button><button aria-controls="panel-2-VmFsYQ==" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-2-VmFsYQ==" name="VmFsYQ==" role="tab" tabindex="-1">Vala</button><button aria-controls="panel-2-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-2-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" name="SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" role="tab" tabindex="-1">JavaScript</button></div><div aria-labelledby="tab-2-Qw==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" id="panel-2-Qw==" name="Qw==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="nf">on_save_activate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GAction</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">action</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GVariant</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">param</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">g_print</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"You are welcome"</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="nf">on_app_activate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GApplication</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GtkWidget</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">window</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gtk_application_window_new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GTK_APPLICATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gtk_window_present</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GTK_WINDOW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">window</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GAction</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">g_simple_action_new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"save"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">g_signal_connect</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">action</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"activate"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">G_CALLBACK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">on_save_activate</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">g_action_map_add_action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">G_ACTION_MAP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">window</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">action</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GtkWidget</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">button</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gtk_button_new_with_label</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Save"</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gtk_window_set_child</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GTK_WINDOW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">window</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">button</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gtk_actionable_set_action_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GTK_ACTIONABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">button</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"win.save"</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="c1">// ...</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="nf">main</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[])</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GtkApplication</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">app</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gtk_application_new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"com.example.App"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">G_APPLICATION_FLAGS_NONE</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">g_signal_connect</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"activate"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">G_CALLBACK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">on_app_activate</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">g_application_run</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">G_APPLICATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-2-UHl0aG9u" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-2-UHl0aG9u" name="UHl0aG9u" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">gi.repository</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Gio</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Gtk</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">on_save_activate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">action</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="nb">print</span> <span class="s2">"You are welcome"</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">on_app_activate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="n">window</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Gtk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ApplicationWindow</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">application</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">window</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">present</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="n">action</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Gio</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SimpleAction</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"save"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">action</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">connect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"activate"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">on_save_activate</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">window</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_action</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">action</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="n">button</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Gtk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Save"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">window</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_child</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">button</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">button</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_action_name</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"win.save"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="n">app</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Gtk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Application</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="n">app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">connect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"activate"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">on_app_activate</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">run</span><span class="p">([])</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-2-VmFsYQ==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-2-VmFsYQ==" name="VmFsYQ==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-vala notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Example</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">App</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Gtk</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Application</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">App</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Object</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">application_id</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"com.example.App"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">flags</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ApplicationFlags</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">FLAGS_NONE</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">override</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">activate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">window</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Gtk</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ApplicationWindow</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">window</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">present</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SimpleAction</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"save"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">null</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">action</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">activate</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">connect</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">printf</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"You are welcome</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">});</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">window</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add_action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">action</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">button</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Gtk</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Button</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Save"</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">window</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">child</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">button</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">button</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">action_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"win.save"</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">main</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">app</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Example</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">App</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">run</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-2-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-2-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" name="SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-js notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Gtk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"gi://Gtk?version=4.0"</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="k">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Adw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"gi://Adw?version=1"</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="k">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Gio</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"gi://Gio"</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">on_save_activate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">action</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">param</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"You are welcome"</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">on_app_activate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">app</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">window</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Gtk</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">ApplicationWindow</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">application</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">});</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">window</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">present</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Gio</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">SimpleAction</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"save"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">});</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">action</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">connect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"activate"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">on_save_activate</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">window</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">add_action</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">action</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">button</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Gtk</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Button</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">label</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Save"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">});</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">window</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">set_child</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">button</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">button</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">set_action_name</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"win.save"</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">application</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Gtk</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Application</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="nx">application</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">connect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"activate"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">on_app_activate</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="nx">application</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">run</span><span class="p">([]);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div></div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="accelerators-keybindings-for-actions">
|
||
<h2>Accelerators (keybindings) for actions<a class="headerlink" href="#accelerators-keybindings-for-actions" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
|
||
<p>Use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gtk_application_add_accelerator()</span></code> inside your application’s startup
|
||
implementation. For example:</p>
|
||
<div class="sphinx-tabs docutils container">
|
||
<div aria-label="Tabbed content" class="closeable" role="tablist"><button aria-controls="panel-3-Qw==" aria-selected="true" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-3-Qw==" name="Qw==" role="tab" tabindex="0">C</button><button aria-controls="panel-3-UHl0aG9u" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-3-UHl0aG9u" name="UHl0aG9u" role="tab" tabindex="-1">Python</button><button aria-controls="panel-3-VmFsYQ==" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-3-VmFsYQ==" name="VmFsYQ==" role="tab" tabindex="-1">Vala</button><button aria-controls="panel-3-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab code-tab group-tab" id="tab-3-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" name="SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" role="tab" tabindex="-1">JavaScript</button></div><div aria-labelledby="tab-3-Qw==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" id="panel-3-Qw==" name="Qw==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">gtk_application_set_accels_for_action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"win.new_tab"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">[])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"<Control><Shift>T"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">});</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-3-UHl0aG9u" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-3-UHl0aG9u" name="UHl0aG9u" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_accels_for_action</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"win.new_tab"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"<Control><Shift>T"</span><span class="p">])</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-3-VmFsYQ==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-3-VmFsYQ==" name="VmFsYQ==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-vala notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">set_accels_for_action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"win.new_tab"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"<Control><Shift>T"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">null</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">});</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-3-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel code-tab group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-3-SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" name="SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-js notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">set_accels_for_action</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"win.new_tab"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"<Control><Shift>T"</span><span class="p">]);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div></div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="what-can-be-done-with-actions">
|
||
<h2>What can be done with actions<a class="headerlink" href="#what-can-be-done-with-actions" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
|
||
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GActions</span></code> that you add to your application or window can be used in
|
||
several different ways.</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p>used with GMenu</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>used with GtkActionable widgets</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>used with shortcuts</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>remotely activated from a remote GApplication instance (only for
|
||
application actions)</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>listed as “Additional application actions” in desktop files (only for
|
||
application actions)</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>remotely activated from other D-Bus callers (such as Ubuntu’s HUD)</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>used with GNotification notifications (only for application actions)</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<footer>
|
||
|
||
<div class="related-pages">
|
||
<a class="next-page" href="menus.html">
|
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|
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<div class="title">Menus</div>
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<svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg>
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<svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg>
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|
||
<span>Previous</span>
|
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||
<div class="title">Dealing With Deprecations</div>
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|
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|
||
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||
</footer>
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<div class="toc-sticky toc-scroll">
|
||
<div class="toc-title-container">
|
||
<span class="toc-title">
|
||
Contents
|
||
</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="toc-tree-container">
|
||
<div class="toc-tree">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Actions</a><ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-it-is-what-it-isn-t">What it is, what it isn’t</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#action-state-and-parameters">Action state and parameters</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#action-target-and-detailed-names">Action target and detailed names</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#action-scopes">Action scopes</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gactionmap"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GActionMap</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gsimpleaction-vs-gaction"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GSimpleAction</span></code> vs <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GAction</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-gsimpleaction">Using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GSimpleAction</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#other-kinds-of-actions">Other kinds of actions</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#adding-actions-to-your-gtkapplication">Adding actions to your GtkApplication</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#adding-actions-to-your-gtkapplicationwindow">Adding actions to your GtkApplicationWindow</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#accelerators-keybindings-for-actions">Accelerators (keybindings) for actions</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-can-be-done-with-actions">What can be done with actions</a></li>
|
||
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||
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