57 lines
2.7 KiB
Markdown
57 lines
2.7 KiB
Markdown
Title: Compiling GTK Applications on UNIX
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Slug: gtk-compiling
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To compile a GTK application, you need to tell the compiler where to
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find the GTK header files and libraries. This is done with the
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`pkg-config` utility.
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The following interactive shell session demonstrates how `pkg-config`
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is used (the actual output on your system may be different):
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```
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$ pkg-config --cflags gtk4
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-pthread -I/usr/include/gtk-4.0 -I/usr/lib64/gtk-4.0/include -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib64/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng12
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$ pkg-config --libs gtk4
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-pthread -lgtk-4 -lgdk-4 -lgio-2.0 -lpangoft2-1.0 -lgdk_pixbuf-2.0 -lpangocairo-1.0 -lcairo -lpango-1.0 -lfreetype -lfontconfig -lgobject-2.0 -lgmodule-2.0 -lgthread-2.0 -lrt -lglib-2.0
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```
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The simplest way to compile a program is to use the "backticks"
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feature of the shell. If you enclose a command in backticks
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(*not single quotes*), then its output will be substituted into the
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command line before execution. So to compile a GTK Hello, World, you
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would type the following:
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```
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$ cc `pkg-config --cflags gtk4` hello.c -o hello `pkg-config --libs gtk4`
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```
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Deprecated GTK functions are annotated to make the compiler
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emit warnings when they are used (e.g. with gcc, you need to use
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the -Wdeprecated-declarations option). If these warnings are
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problematic, they can be turned off by defining the preprocessor
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symbol %GDK_DISABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS by using the commandline
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option `-DGDK_DISABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS`.
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GTK deprecation annotations are versioned; by defining the
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macros %GDK_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED and %GDK_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED,
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you can specify the range of GTK versions whose API you want
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to use. APIs that were deprecated before or introduced after
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this range will trigger compiler warnings.
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Here is how you would compile hello.c if you want to allow it
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to use symbols that were not deprecated in 4.2:
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```
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$ cc `pkg-config --cflags gtk4` -DGDK_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED=GDK_VERSION_4_2 hello.c -o hello `pkg-config --libs gtk4`
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```
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And here is how you would compile hello.c if you don't want
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it to use any symbols that were introduced after 4.2:
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```
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$ cc `pkg-config --cflags gtk4` -DGDK_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED=GDK_VERSION_4_2 hello.c -o hello `pkg-config --libs gtk4`
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```
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The older deprecation mechanism of hiding deprecated interfaces
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entirely from the compiler by using the preprocessor symbol
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GTK_DISABLE_DEPRECATED is still used for deprecated macros,
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enumeration values, etc. To detect uses of these in your code,
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use the commandline option `-DGTK_DISABLE_DEPRECATED`.
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There are similar symbols GDK_DISABLE_DEPRECATED,
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GDK_PIXBUF_DISABLE_DEPRECATED and G_DISABLE_DEPRECATED for GDK,
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GdkPixbuf and GLib.
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