Chapter 1: cleared

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.PHONY: clean distclean all bibliography
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bibliography: hardware_init_review.bbl
hardware_init_review.bbl: bibliographie.bib hardware_init_review.bcf
biber hardware_init_review
hardware_init_review.bcf:
xelatex hardware_init_review.tex
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\newacronym{Insee}{Insee}{Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques}
\newacronym{Tracfin}{Tracfin}{Traitement du renseignement et action contre les circuits financiers clandestins}

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@misc{gnuboot,
author = "GNU Boot project maintainers",
title = "GNU Boot --- Free your BIOS today!",
year = "2024",
url = "https://www.gnu.org/software/gnuboot/",
note = "[Online; accessed 7-May-2024]"
}
@misc{gnuboot_status,
author = "GNU Boot project maintainers",
title = "GNU Boot --- Status",
year = "2024",
url = "https://www.gnu.org/software/gnuboot/web/status.html",
note = "[Online; accessed 7-May-2024]"
}
@misc{gnu_wiki,
author = "{Wikipedia contributors}",
title = "GNU Project --- {Wikipedia}{,} The Free Encyclopedia",
year = "2024",
url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GNU_Project&oldid=1205139455",
note = "[Online; accessed 7-May-2024]"
}
@misc{fsf_wiki,
author = "{Wikipedia contributors}",
title = "Free Software Foundation --- {Wikipedia}{,} The Free Encyclopedia",
year = "2024",
url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Free_Software_Foundation&oldid=1222269091",
note = "[Online; accessed 7-May-2024]"
}
@misc{lip6_wiki,
author = "{Wikipedia contributors}",
title = "Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris 6 --- {Wikipedia}{,} The Free Encyclopedia",
year = "2024",
url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laboratoire_d%27Informatique_de_Paris_6&oldid=1222525180",
note = "[Online; accessed 7-May-2024]"
}
@misc{lip6_web,
author = "Sorbonne Université/CNRS",
title = "Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris 6",
year = "2024",
url = "https://www.lip6.fr/",
note = "[Online; accessed 7-May-2024]"
}
@misc{lip6_annuaire,
author = "Sorbonne Université/CNRS",
title = "Annuaire LIP6",
year = "2024",
url = "https://www.lip6.fr/recherche/resultat.php?keyword=&find=Rechercher+au+LIP6",
note = "[Online; accessed 7-May-2024]"
}
@inbook{BKDG,
author = {AMD},
number = {42301},
year = {2013},
month = {01},
title = {BIOS and Kernel Developers Guide (BKDG) for AMD Family 15h Models 00h-0Fh Processors Rev 3.14}
}
@inbook{SR5690BDG,
author = {AMD},
number = {43870},
year = {2010},
month = {11},
title = {SR5690/5670/5650 BIOS Developers Guide 3.00}
}
@inbook{SR5690RPR,
author = {AMD},
number = {43872},
year = {2012},
month = {08},
title = {SR5690/5670/5650 Register Programming Requirements 3.05}
}
@article{numa,
author = {Lameter, Christoph},
year = {2013},
month = {07},
pages = {},
title = {NUMA (Non-Uniform Memory Access): An Overview},
volume = {11},
journal = {Queue},
doi = {10.1145/2508834.2513149}
}
@misc{micron_ddr3,
author = {Micron Technology Inc},
year = {2008},
number = {TN-41-02},
title = {Technical Note: DDR3 ZQ Calibration}
}
@misc{samsung_ddr3,
author = {Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd},
year = {2011},
month = {11},
number = {TN-41-02},
title = {DDR3 SDRAM Specification Rev 1.4}
}
@misc{fs_wiki,
author = "{Wikipedia contributors}",
title = "Free software movement --- {Wikipedia}{,} The Free Encyclopedia",
year = "2024",
url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Free_software_movement&oldid=1197710495",
note = "[Online; accessed 29-January-2024]"
}
@misc{free_soft_wiki,
author = "{Wikipedia contributors}",
title = "Free software --- {Wikipedia}{,} The Free Encyclopedia",
year = "2024",
url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Free_software&oldid=1196006316",
note = "[Online; accessed 30-January-2024]"
}
@misc{4freedom_wiki,
author = "{Wikipedia contributors}",
title = "The Free Software Definition --- {Wikipedia}{,} The Free Encyclopedia",
year = "2023",
url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Free_Software_Definition&oldid=1192713194",
note = "[Online; accessed 29-January-2024]"
}
@misc{osd_wiki,
author = "{Wikipedia contributors}",
title = "The Open Source Definition --- {Wikipedia}{,} The Free Encyclopedia",
year = "2023",
url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Open_Source_Definition&oldid=1191447775",
note = "[Online; accessed 30-January-2024]"
}
@misc{gpl_wiki,
author = "{Wikipedia contributors}",
title = "GNU General Public License --- {Wikipedia}{,} The Free Encyclopedia",
year = "2024",
url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GNU_General_Public_License&oldid=1199241605",
note = "[Online; accessed 30-January-2024]"
}
@misc{gfdl_wiki,
author = "{Wikipedia contributors}",
title = "GNU Free Documentation License --- {Wikipedia}{,} The Free Encyclopedia",
year = "2024",
url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GNU_Free_Documentation_License&oldid=1193649968",
note = "[Online; accessed 30-January-2024]"
}
@misc{x86_wiki,
author = "{Wikipedia contributors}",
title = "X86 --- {Wikipedia}{,} The Free Encyclopedia",
year = "2024",
url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=X86&oldid=1221800539",
note = "[Online; accessed 7-May-2024]"
}
@misc{seabios_wiki,
author = "{Wikipedia contributors}",
title = "SeaBIOS --- {Wikipedia}{,} The Free Encyclopedia",
year = "2023",
url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SeaBIOS&oldid=1179465237",
note = "[Online; accessed 7-May-2024]"
}
@misc{grub_wiki,
author = "{Wikipedia contributors}",
title = "GNU GRUB --- {Wikipedia}{,} The Free Encyclopedia",
year = "2024",
url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GNU_GRUB&oldid=1217643156",
note = "[Online; accessed 7-May-2024]"
}
@misc{ime_wiki,
author = "{Wikipedia contributors}",
title = "Intel Management Engine --- {Wikipedia}{,} The Free Encyclopedia",
year = "2024",
url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intel_Management_Engine&oldid=1216703991",
note = "[Online; accessed 7-May-2024]"
}
@misc{psp_wiki,
author = "{Wikipedia contributors}",
title = "AMD Platform Security Processor --- {Wikipedia}{,} The Free Encyclopedia",
year = "2024",
url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AMD_Platform_Security_Processor&oldid=1216563013",
note = "[Online; accessed 7-May-2024]"
}
@misc{NDA_wiki,
author = "{Wikipedia contributors}",
title = "Non-disclosure agreement --- {Wikipedia}{,} The Free Encyclopedia",
year = "2023",
url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Non-disclosure_agreement&oldid=1183749255",
note = "[Online; accessed 8-May-2024]"
}
@misc{AGESA_wiki,
author = "{Wikipedia contributors}",
title = "AGESA --- {Wikipedia}{,} The Free Encyclopedia",
year = "2023",
url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AGESA&oldid=1166805057",
note = "[Online; accessed 8-May-2024]"
}
@misc{DDR3_wiki,
author = "{Wikipedia contributors}",
title = "DDR3 SDRAM --- {Wikipedia}{,} The Free Encyclopedia",
year = "2024",
url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DDR3_SDRAM&oldid=1207641521",
note = "[Online; accessed 8-May-2024]"
}
@misc{openbmc_wiki,
author = "{Wikipedia contributors}",
title = "OpenBMC --- {Wikipedia}{,} The Free Encyclopedia",
year = "2023",
url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OpenBMC&oldid=1183698628",
note = "[Online; accessed 8-May-2024]"
}
@misc{raptor_engineering,
author = "{Raptor Engineering LLC}",
title = "Raptor Engineering website",
year = "2009-2024",
url = "https://raptorengineering.com/",
note = "[Online; accessed 8-May-2024]"
}
@misc{intel_me,
author = {{Intel Corporation}},
title = {Intel Management Engine (Intel ME)},
howpublished = {\url{https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/architecture-and-technology/intel-management-engine.html}},
note = {Accessed: 2024-07-05}
}
@misc{amd_psp,
author = {{AMD}},
title = {AMD Platform Security Processor (PSP)},
howpublished = {\url{https://www.amd.com/en/technologies/security}},
note = {Accessed: 2024-07-05}
}
@misc{acpi_spec,
author = {ACPI},
title = {ACPI Specification},
howpublished = {\url{https://www.acpi.info/spec.htm}},
note = {Accessed: 2024-07-05}
}
@article{memory_training,
author = {Author Names},
title = {Title of the Paper on Memory Training Algorithms},
journal = {Journal Name},
year = {Year},
volume = {Volume},
number = {Number},
pages = {Pages}
}
@article{virtualization_firmware,
author = {Author Names},
title = {Title of the Paper on Hardware Virtualization and Firmware},
journal = {Journal Name},
year = {Year},
volume = {Volume},
number = {Number},
pages = {Pages}
}
@misc{asus_kgpe_d16_manual,
author = {Asus},
title = {Asus KGPE-D16 Mainboard Documentation and User Manuals},
howpublished = {\url{https://www.asus.com/Commercial-Servers-Workstations/KGPE-D16/HelpDesk_Manual/}},
note = {Accessed: 2024-07-05}
}
@misc{ibm_pc,
author = {IBM Archives},
title = {IBM Personal Computer},
howpublished = {\url{https://www.ibm.com/history/personal-computer}},
year = 2024
}
@misc{uefi,
author = {UEFI Forum},
title = {Unified Extensible Firmware Interface},
howpublished = {\url{https://uefi.org/}},
year = 2024
}
@misc{grewal_ibm_pc,
author = {Jimmy Grewal},
title = {The Creation of the IBM PC},
howpublished = {Armonk Institute},
year = 2024
}
@misc{computer_history_museum,
author = {Computer History Museum},
title = {The Evolution of the BIOS},
howpublished = {\url{https://computerhistory.org/}},
year = 2024
}
@book{rosenberg1994open,
title={Open architecture computer systems},
author={Rosenberg, Ronald H},
year={1994},
publisher={IEEE Computer Society Press}
}
@inproceedings{richter2011bios,
title={BIOS and UEFI firmware analysis},
author={Richter, Felix and Wressnegger, Christian and Schwenk, Thorsten and Muller, Thorsten},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 6th ACM Symposium on Information, Computer and Communications Security},
pages={7--16},
year={2011}
}
@misc{intel_uefi,
author = {Intel Corporation},
title = {Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI)},
year = {2020},
howpublished = {\url{https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/architecture-and-technology/unified-extensible-firmware-interface.html}},
}
@misc{uefi_spec,
author = {UEFI Forum},
title = {UEFI Specification},
year = {2021},
howpublished = {\url{https://uefi.org/specifications}},
}
@misc{microsoft_uefi,
author = {Microsoft Corporation},
title = {UEFI Firmware},
year = {2019},
howpublished = {\url{https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/bringup/uefi-firmware}},
}
@misc{smith_2017,
author = {Smith, R.},
title = {UEFI vs. BIOS: Whats the Difference?},
year = {2017},
howpublished = {\url{https://www.techradar.com/news/uefi-vs-bios-whats-the-difference}},
}
@misc{anderson_2018,
author = {Anderson, T.},
title = {BIOS vs. UEFI: Understanding the Modern Boot Environment},
year = {2018},
howpublished = {\url{https://www.pcworld.com/article/3171322/bios-vs-uefi-understanding-the-modern-boot-environment.html}},
}
@article{wolf2006,
author = {Wolf, K.},
title = {Modern Boot Firmware: Moving from BIOS to UEFI},
journal = {IEEE Computer Society},
year = {2006},
volume = {39},
number = {5},
pages = {42-47},
doi = {10.1109/MC.2006.156}
}
@book{russinovich2012,
author = {Russinovich, M. E. and Solomon, D. A. and Ionescu, A.},
title = {Windows Internals, Part 1},
year = {2012},
publisher = {Microsoft Press},
edition = {6th},
}
@article{shin2011,
author = {Shin, M. and Lee, K.},
title = {Design and Implementation of a UEFI-Compliant Firmware Platform},
journal = {Journal of Computer Science and Technology},
year = {2011},
volume = {26},
number = {2},
pages = {219-230},
doi = {10.1007/s11390-011-0121-8}
}
@article{chang2013,
author = {Chang, H. and Smith, A.},
title = {UEFI Secure Boot in Modern Computing},
journal = {International Journal of Information Security},
year = {2013},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {231-241},
doi = {10.1007/s10207-013-0191-1}
}
@article{acmcs2015,
author = {ACMCS},
title = {The Evolution of Firmware: BIOS to UEFI},
journal = {ACM Computing Surveys},
year = {2015},
volume = {47},
number = {4},
pages = {55-61},
doi = {10.1145/2766462}
}
@misc{coreboot,
author = {coreboot project},
title = {coreboot: Open Source Firmware},
howpublished = {\url{https://www.coreboot.org/}},
note = {Accessed: 2024-07-23}
}
@inproceedings{rudolph2007,
author = {Rudolph, M.},
title = {LinuxBIOS: Open Source Boot Firmware},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Linux Symposium},
year = {2007},
pages = {159-167},
url = {https://ols.fedoraproject.org/OLS/Reprints-2007/rudolph-Reprint.pdf}
}
@misc{coreboot_payloads,
author = {coreboot project},
title = {coreboot Payloads},
howpublished = {\url{https://www.coreboot.org/Payloads}},
note = {Accessed: 2024-07-23}
}
@article{coreboot_challenges,
author = {Minnich, R. and Hendricks, E.},
title = {Challenges and Progress in Coreboot Development},
journal = {Journal of Open Source Software},
year = {2018},
volume = {3},
number = {29},
pages = {1-6},
doi = {10.21105/joss.00429}
}
@misc{blobs,
author = "GNU Boot project maintainers",
title = {Frequently Asked Questions},
howpublished = {\url{https://www.gnu.org/software/gnuboot/web/faq.html}},
note = {Accessed: 2024-07-23}
}

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\babel@toc {english}{}\relax
\contentsline {chapter}{Abstract}{4}{chapter*.1}%
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Introduction to firmware and BIOS evolution}{5}{chapter.1}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}Historical context of BIOS}{5}{section.1.1}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1.1}Definition and origin}{5}{subsection.1.1.1}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1.2}Functionalities and limitations}{5}{subsection.1.1.2}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.2}Modern BIOS and UEFI}{6}{section.1.2}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.1}Transition from traditional BIOS to UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)}{6}{subsection.1.2.1}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.2}An other way with coreboot}{7}{subsection.1.2.2}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.3}Shift in firmware responsibilities}{7}{section.1.3}%
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Characteristics of Asus KGPE-D16 Mainboard}{9}{chapter.2}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Overview of Asus KGPE-D16 Hardware}{9}{section.2.1}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Firmware's Role in Asus KGPE-D16}{9}{section.2.2}%
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Key Components in Modern Firmware}{10}{chapter.3}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI)}{10}{section.3.1}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}System Management Mode (SMM)}{10}{section.3.2}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.3}AMD Platform Security Processor (PSP) and Intel Management Engine (ME)}{10}{section.3.3}%
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Memory Initialization and Training Algorithms}{11}{chapter.4}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}Importance of Memory Initialization}{11}{section.4.1}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}Memory Training Algorithms}{11}{section.4.2}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.3}Practical Examples}{12}{section.4.3}%
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Firmware and Hardware Virtualization}{13}{chapter.5}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Introduction to Hardware Virtualization}{13}{section.5.1}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}Role of BIOS/UEFI in Virtualization}{13}{section.5.2}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.3}Security and freedom considerations}{13}{section.5.3}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.4}Future Trends in Firmware and Virtualization}{13}{section.5.4}%
\contentsline {chapter}{Conclusion}{14}{chapter*.2}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.5}Summary of Key Points}{14}{section.5.5}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.6}Call for Action}{14}{section.5.6}%
\contentsline {chapter}{Bibliography}{15}{section.5.6}%
\contentsline {chapter}{GNU Free Documentation License}{18}{chapter*.4}%

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% -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
% Preamble
\documentclass[french, 11pt]{report}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{url}
\usepackage{float}
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\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage[style=numeric]{biblatex}
\usepackage{tocloft}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{listings}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{chngcntr}
\usepackage[a4paper, portrait, margin=1.45cm]{geometry}
\title{Titre du mémoire}
\author{Nom et prénom de l'auteur}
\date{\today}
% Set parameters
\setcounter{page}{0}
\hypersetup{linktoc=all}
\addtolength{\skip\footins}{0.6pc}
\renewcommand*\footnoterule{} %Footnode separator line
\def\siecle#1{\textsc{\romannumeral #1}\textsuperscript{e}~siècle}
\renewcommand{\cftsecleader}{\cftdotfill{\cftdotsep}} %places dots on sections lines as well
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titlepage.tex Normal file
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% Titlepage
\begin{titlepage}
\begin{center}
Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie\\
Master Informatique\\
Systèmes Électroniques, Systèmes Informatiques
\end{center}
\begin{center}
Laboratoire d'Informatique Paris 6 - CIAN
\end{center}
\vspace{5.3 cm}
\begin{center}
\Huge{{Hardware initialization of modern computers}}
\end{center}
\vspace{0.1 cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{A review on the importance of firmware in modern computing and a documentation on the Asus KGPE-D16 RAM initialization} \newline
\large{August, 2024}
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\vspace{2.0 cm}
%\begin{center}
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%\end{center}
\vspace{10 cm}
\begin{center}
\normalsize{Adrien 'neox' Bourmault (\href{mailto:neox@gnu.org}{neox@gnu.org})}
\end{center}
\begin{center}
\normalsize{Under the supervision of Franck WAJSBÜRT (\href{mailto:franck.wajsburt@lip6.fr}{franck.wajsburt@lip6.fr})}
\end{center}
\end{titlepage}